Journal of Immunotoxicology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: May 7, 2024
Per-
and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFASs)
are
a
large
class
of
compounds
used
in
variety
processes
consumer
products.
Their
unique
chemical
properties
make
them
ubiquitous
persistent
environmental
contaminants
while
also
making
economically
viable
socially
convenient.
To
date,
several
reviews
have
been
published
to
synthesize
information
regarding
the
immunotoxic
effects
PFASs
on
adaptive
immune
system.
However,
these
often
do
not
include
data
impact
innate
immunity.
Here,
current
literature
is
reviewed
identify
incorporate
immunity
humans,
experimental
models,
wildlife.
Known
mechanisms
by
which
modulate
function
reviewed,
including
disruption
cell
signaling,
metabolism,
tissue-level
effects.
For
where
available,
results
equivocal,
raising
additional
questions
about
common
or
pathways
toxicity,
but
highlighting
that
system
within
species
can
be
perturbed
exposure
PFASs.
Recommendations
provided
for
future
research
inform
hazard
identification,
risk
assessment,
management
practices
protect
systems
exposed
organisms
as
well
health.
Circulation Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
134(9), P. 1136 - 1159
Published: April 25, 2024
Conservative
estimates
by
the
World
Health
Organization
suggest
that
at
least
a
quarter
of
global
cardiovascular
diseases
are
attributable
to
environmental
exposures.
Associations
between
air
pollution
and
risk
have
garnered
most
headlines
strong,
but
less
attention
has
been
paid
other
omnipresent
toxicants
in
our
ecosystem.
Perfluoroalkyl
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFASs)
man-made
chemicals
extensively
used
industrial
consumer
products
worldwide
aqueous
film-forming
foam
utilized
firefighting.
As
such,
exposure
PFAS
is
essentially
ubiquitous.
Given
long
half-lives
these
degradation-resistant
chemicals,
virtually,
all
people
carrying
body
burden
PFAS.
concerns
related
growing
such
National
Academies
Sciences,
Engineering
Medicine
recommended
standards
for
clinical
follow-up
individuals
with
high
blood
levels,
including
prioritizing
screening
dyslipidemia.
The
link
dyslipidemia
investigated,
evidence
associations
compelling.
However,
not
only
factor
which
associated.
Here,
we
review
epidemiological
links
concern
identified
factors
disease,
overweight/obesity,
glucose
intolerance,
hypertension,
dyslipidemia,
hyperuricemia.
Moreover,
potential
connections
vascular
disease
atherosclerosis.
While
observational
data
support
selected
cardiac
factors,
additional
research
needed
establish
causation
better
understand
how
leads
development
conditions.
Gut,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. gutjnl - 332523
Published: Aug. 23, 2024
Epidemiological
and
translational
data
increasingly
implicate
environmental
pollutants
in
inflammatory
bowel
disease
(IBD).
Indeed,
the
global
incidence
of
IBD
has
been
rising,
particularly
developing
countries,
parallel
with
increased
use
chemicals
synthetic
materials
daily
life
escalating
pollution
levels.
Recent
nationwide
ecological
studies
have
reported
associations
between
agricultural
pesticides
IBD,
Crohn’s
disease.
Exposure
to
other
chemical
categories
also
linked
an
risk
IBD.
To
synthesise
available
identify
knowledge
gaps,
we
conducted
a
systematic
review
human
that
on
impact
outcomes.
Furthermore,
summarised
vitro
animal
investigating
mechanisms
underlying
these
associations.
The
32
included
corroborate
heavy
transition
metals,
except
zinc,
air
pollutants,
per-
polyfluorinated
substances,
are
associated
exposure
being
disease-related
adverse
outcomes
as
well.
narrative
preclinical
suggests
several
overlapping
associations,
including
intestinal
permeability,
systemic
inflammation
dysbiosis.
A
consolidated
understanding
exposures
is
key
identification
potentially
modifiable
factors
inform
strategies
towards
prediction,
prevention
mitigation
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 105794 - 105794
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
This
study
employs
animal-free
Next
Generation
Risk
Assessment
(NGRA)
principles
to
evaluate
the
safety
of
repeated
dermal
exposure
2.5%
(w/w)
HC
Yellow
No.
13
(HCY13)
hair
dye.
As
multiple
in
silico
tools
consistently
flagged
hepatotoxic
potential,
likely
due
HCY13's
trifluoromethyl
group,
which
is
known
interfere
with
hepatic
lipid
metabolism,
liver
steatosis
was
chosen
as
primary
mode
action
for
evaluation.
AOP-guided
vitro
tests
were
conducted,
exposing
human
stem
cell-derived
cells
varying
HCY13
concentrations
over
72
hours.
The
expression
11
metabolism-related
marker
genes
(AHR,
PPARA,
LXRA,
APOB,
ACOX1,
CPT1A,
FASN,
SCD1,
DGAT2,
CD36,
and
PPARG)
triglyceride
accumulation,
a
phenotypic
hallmark
steatosis,
measured.
PROAST
software
used
calculate
Points
Departure
(PoDNAM)
each
biomarker.
Using
GastroPlus
9.9,
physiologically-based
pharmacokinetic
(PBPK)
models
estimated
internal
(Cmax
liver)
HCY13,
ranging
from
4
20
pM.
All
PoDNAM
values
significantly
exceeded
predicted
Cmax
liver,
indicating
that
at
unlikely
induce
under
assumed
conditions.
research
demonstrates
utility
NGRA,
integrating
AOP-based
assays
computational
protect
health
support
regulatory
decision-making
without
animal
testing.
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
58(5), P. 2214 - 2223
Published: Jan. 24, 2024
The
composition
of
human
breast
milk
(HBM)
exhibits
significant
variability
both
between
individuals
and
within
the
same
individual.
While
environmental
factors
are
believed
to
play
a
role
in
this
variation,
their
influence
on
remains
inadequately
understood.
Herein,
we
investigate
impact
HBM
lipid
general
population
cohort.
study
included
mothers
(All
Babies
In
Southeast
Sweden
study)
whose
children
later
progressed
one
or
more
immune-mediated
diseases
life:
type
1
diabetes
(n
=
9),
celiac
disease
24),
juvenile
idiopathic
arthritis
inflammatory
bowel
7),
hypothyroidism
6),
matched
controls
173).
Lipidome
was
characterized
by
liquid
chromatography
combined
with
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry.
We
observed
that
maternal
age,
body
index,
diet,
exposure
perfluorinated
alkyl
substances
(PFASs)
had
marked
lipidome,
larger
changes
those
developed
autoimmune
diseases.
also
differences
offspring
Our
suggests
is
modified
complex
interaction
genetic
factors,
and,
importantly,
significantly
pronounced
autoimmune/inflammatory
findings
suggest
merely
assessing
PFAS
concentration
may
not
capture
full
extent
chemical
exposures;
thus,
comprehensive
exposome
approach
essential
for
accurately
consequently,
health
outcomes
offspring.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(33)
Published: June 6, 2024
Non-aqueous
electrolytes,
generally
consisting
of
metal
salts
and
solvating
media,
are
indispensable
elements
for
building
rechargeable
batteries.
As
the
major
sources
ionic
charges,
intrinsic
characters
salt
anions
particular
importance
in
determining
fundamental
properties
bulk
electrolyte,
as
well
features
resulting
electrode-electrolyte
interphases/interfaces.
To
cope
with
increasing
demand
better
batteries
requested
by
emerging
application
domains,
structural
design
modifications
highly
desired.
Here,
lithium
other
monovalent
(e.g.,
sodium
potassium)
multivalent
magnesium,
calcium,
zinc,
aluminum)
outlined.
Fundamental
considerations
on
provided,
particularly
involving
specific
requirements
imposed
different
cell
chemistries.
Historical
evolution
possible
synthetic
methodologies
representative
reviewed.
Recent
advances
tailoring
anionic
structures
scrutinized,
due
attention
is
paid
to
paradigm
shift
from
liquid
solid
intercalation
conversion/alloying-type
electrodes,
kinds
The
remaining
challenges
key
research
directions
development
robust
also
discussed.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
926, P. 171743 - 171743
Published: March 15, 2024
Per-
and
poly-fluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS)
pose
a
threat
to
organisms
ecosystems
due
their
persistent
nature.
Ecotoxicology
endpoints
used
in
regulatory
guidelines
may
not
reflect
multiple,
low-level
but
stressors.
This
study
examines
the
biological
effects
of
PFAS
on
Eastern
short-necked
turtles
Queensland,
Australia.
In
this
study,
blood
samples
were
collected
analysed
for
PFAS,
hormone
levels,
functional
omics
endpoints.
High
levels
found
at
impacted
site,
with
PFOS
being
dominant
constituent.
The
profiles
males
females
differed,
having
higher
concentrations.
Hormone
concentrations
differed
between
reference
sites
male
turtles,
elevated
testosterone
corticosterone
indicative
stress.
Further,
energy
utilisation,
nucleotide
synthesis,
nitrogen
metabolism,
amino
acid
synthesis
altered
both
female
from
PFAS-impacted
sites.
Both
sexes
show
similar
metabolic
responses
environmental
stressors
PFAS-contaminated
which
adversely
affect
reproductive
fitness.
Purine
caffeine
ferroptosis
pathway
changes
can
cause
gout,
cell
death,
overall
health
problems.
showed
that
prolonged
exposure
wild
could
compromise
turtle
fitness
by
disrupting
steroids
pathways.
