A holistic framework integrating plant-microbe-mineral regulation of soil bioavailable nitrogen

Biogeochemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 154(2), P. 211 - 229

Published: May 6, 2021

Soil organic nitrogen (N) is a critical resource for plants and microbes, but the processes that govern its cycle are not well-described. To promote holistic understanding of soil N dynamics, we need an integrated model links matter (SOM) cycling to bioavailable in both unmanaged managed landscapes, including agroecosystems. We present framework unifies recent conceptual advances our three steps cycling: (ON) depolymerization solubilization; sorption desorption on mineral surfaces; microbial ON turnover assimilation, mineralization, recycling products. Consideration balance between these provides insight into sources, sinks, flux rates N. By accounting interactions among biological, physical, chemical controls over availability complex mechanisms transformation concrete amenable experimental testing translates ideas new management practices. This will allow researchers practitioners use common measurements particulate (POM) mineral-associated (MAOM) design strategic N-cycle interventions optimize ecosystem productivity minimize environmental loss.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10533-021-00793-9.

Language: Английский

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Who put the film in biofilm? The migration of a term from wastewater engineering to medicine and beyond

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2021

Abstract Sessile microorganisms were described as early the seventeenth century. However, term biofilm arose only in 1960s wastewater treatment research and was adopted later marine fouling medical dental microbiology. The sessile mode of microbial life gradually recognized to be predominant on Earth, became established for growth aggregates, frequently associated with interfaces, although many, if not majority, them being continuous “films” strict sense. In this form life, live close proximity a matrix extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). They share emerging properties, clearly distinct from solitary free floating planktonic cells. Common characteristics include formation synergistic microconsortia, using EPS an external digestion system, gradients high biodiversity over microscopically small distances, resource capture retention, facilitated gene exchange well intercellular communication, enhanced tolerance antimicrobials. Thus, biofilms belong class collective systems biology, like forests, beehives, or coral reefs, film addresses one various manifestations aggregates. uncertainty is discussed, it acknowledged that will likely replaced soon, but recommended understand these communities broader sense

Language: Английский

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Impacts of biofilms on the conversion of cellulose

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 104(12), P. 5201 - 5212

Published: April 26, 2020

Abstract Lignocellulose is a widely available renewable carbon source and promising feedstock for the production of various chemicals in biorefineries. However, its recalcitrant nature major hurdle that must be overcome to enable economic conversion processes. Deconstruction lignocellulose part global cycle, efficient microbial degradation systems have evolved might serve as models improve commercial Biofilms—matrix encased, spatially organized clusters cells predominating lifestyle nature—have been recognized their essential role cellulose nature, e.g., soils or digestive tracts ruminant animals. Cellulolytic biofilms allow high concentration enzymes at boundary layer between solid substrate liquid phase more complete capture hydrolysis products directly site, which energetically favorable. Furthermore, enhanced expression genes carbohydrate active response attachment on has demonstrated cellulolytic aerobic fungi anerobic bacteria. In natural multispecies biofilms, vicinity different species allows creation food webs synergistic interactions thereby, avoiding accumulation inhibiting metabolites. this review, these topics are discussed attempts realize benefits targeted applications such consolidated bioprocessing highlighted. Key Points Multispecies destruction biosphere. Cellulose by anaerobic bacteria often occurs monolayered biofilms. Fungal immobilize substrates an external digestion system. Surface attached cultures typically show higher enzymes.

Language: Английский

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Sculpting the soil microbiota

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(3), P. 508 - 522

Published: Nov. 7, 2021

Soil is a living ecosystem, the health of which depends on fine interactions among its abiotic and biotic components. These form delicate equilibrium maintained through multilayer network that absorbs certain perturbations guarantees soil functioning. Deciphering principles governing within soils critical importance for their management conservation. Here, we focus microbiota discuss complexity impact composition function interaction with plants. We how physical aspects influence microbiota-plant support plant growth responses to nutrient deficiencies. predict understanding determining configuration functioning will contribute design microbiota-based strategies preserve natural resources develop more environmentally friendly agricultural practices.

Language: Английский

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Microfluidics as an Emerging Platform for Exploring Soil Environmental Processes: A Critical Review

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 56(2), P. 711 - 731

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

Investigating environmental processes, especially those occurring in soils, calls for innovative and multidisciplinary technologies that can provide insights at the microscale. The heterogeneity, opacity, dynamics make soil a "black box" where interactions processes are elusive. Recently, microfluidics has emerged as powerful research platform experimental tool which create artificial micromodels, enabling exploring on chip. Micro/nanofabricated microfluidic devices mimic some of key features with highly controlled physical chemical microenvironments scale pores, aggregates, microbes. combination various techniques makes an integrated approach observation, reaction, analysis, characterization. In this review, we systematically summarize emerging applications platforms, from investigating interfacial microbial to analysis high-throughput screening. We highlight how used new into mechanisms, effects microscale, contribute interrogation systems across different scales. Critical discussions practical limitations platforms perspectives future directions summarized. envisage will represent technological advances toward microscopic, controllable, situ research.

Language: Английский

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Microbial Biofilms: Applications, Clinical Consequences, and Alternative Therapies

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1934 - 1934

Published: July 29, 2023

Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms that grow on surfaces and embedded in a matrix extracellular polymeric substances. These prevalent various natural man-made environments, ranging from industrial settings to medical devices, where they can have both positive negative impacts. This review explores the diverse applications microbial biofilms, their clinical consequences, alternative therapies targeting these resilient structures. We discussed beneficial including role wastewater treatment, bioremediation, food industries, agriculture, biotechnology. Additionally, we highlighted mechanisms biofilm formation consequences biofilms context human health. also focused association with antibiotic resistance, chronic infections, device-related infections. To overcome challenges, therapeutic strategies explored. The examines potential antimicrobial agents, such as peptides, quorum-sensing inhibitors, phytoextracts, nanoparticles, biofilms. Furthermore, highlight future directions for research this area phytotherapy prevention treatment biofilm-related infections settings.

Language: Английский

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TAMM review: Continuous root forestry—Living roots sustain the belowground ecosystem and soil carbon in managed forests

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 532, P. 120848 - 120848

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

An estimated half of the carbon fixed by trees is transported belowground, a portion which exuded into soil where it fuels complex belowground food web. The biological transformation exudates microbial metabolites and necromass major source organic matter (SOM), including persistent mineral-associated (MAOM). Recent recognition fundamental importance these inputs from living roots for sustaining life replenishing SOM demands rethinking how we harvest forests. By severing lifeline roots, clearcut harvesting devastates much biodiversity in forests, prohibits principal pathway through C stocks are replenished. Retention retains influence within retention patches potentially throughout harvested area, but only if inter-tree distances 15 m or less. sustain support re-establishment function following forest may mitigate post-harvest losses. Sustaining ecosystem via an underappreciated benefit continuous-cover forestry.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Trends in Microfluidics Based Devices

Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(5)

Published: Feb. 11, 2020

One of the major challenges for scientists and engineers today is to develop technologies improvement human health in both developed developing countries. However, need cost-effective, high-performance diagnostic techniques very crucial providing accessible, affordable, high-quality healthcare devices. In this context, microfluidic-based devices (MFDs) offer powerful platforms automation integration complex tasks onto a single chip. The distinct advantage MFDs lies precise control sample quantities flow rate samples reagents that enable quantification detection analytes with high resolution sensitivity. With these excellent properties, microfluidics (MFs) have been used various applications healthcare, along other biological medical areas. This review focuses on emerging demands MFs different fields such as biomedical diagnostics, environmental analysis, food agriculture research, etc., last three or so years. It also aims reveal new opportunities areas future prospects commercial MFDs.

Language: Английский

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The significance of biofilms to human, animal, plant and ecosystem health

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(2), P. 294 - 313

Published: Oct. 13, 2021

Abstract Biofilms are matrix‐enclosed communities that represent the most dominant and active mode of microbial life on Earth. Because biofilms inherently more productive than any equivalent planktonic community, they great relevance to all environments inhabit. However, their existence importance still poorly known by general public, conservation practitioners environmental policymakers. Most micro‐organisms multicellular organisms (including humans, animals plants) occur in form true or biofilm‐like structures play vital roles development, physiology immunity. Conversely, some can have a negative effect host health. growing non‐biological surfaces essential components many terrestrial marine ecosystems: basis food webs ensure nutrient cycling bioremediation natural systems. promote persistence human pathogens, produce harmful toxins, foul corrode man‐made settings; which significant health economic implications. There is knowledge gap about epidemiology wildlife emerging infectious diseases, yet these pose major threat public health, biodiversity sustainability. The drivers global change affect biofilm structure functions. consequences for ecosystem are, however, understood. While concept healthy microbiome (as opposed dysbiosis) medicine biology, remains be defined sciences. Here, we use an integrative approach (a) review current biological interfaces ecosystems, (b) provide future research directions address identified gaps. Giving life‐form its full will help understand effects and, turn, human, animal, plant

Language: Английский

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Microbial formation and stabilisation of soil organic carbon is regulated by carbon substrate identity and mineral composition

Geoderma, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 414, P. 115762 - 115762

Published: Feb. 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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