Protective Mechanisms of Vaginal Lactobacilli against Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(17), P. 9168 - 9168

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

The healthy cervicovaginal microbiota is dominated by various Lactobacillus species, which support a condition of eubiosis. Among their many functions, vaginal lactobacilli contribute to the maintenance an acidic pH, produce antimicrobial compounds, and modulate host immune response protect against bacterial fungal infections. Increasing evidence suggests that these beneficial bacteria may also confer protection sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused viruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV), immunodeficiency virus (HIV) herpes simplex (HSV). Viral STIs pose substantial public health burden globally, causing range infectious diseases with potentially severe consequences. Understanding molecular mechanisms exert protective effects viral paramount for development novel preventive therapeutic strategies. This review aims provide more recent insights into intricate interactions between STIs, exploring impact on microenvironment, response, infectivity pathogenesis, highlighting potential implications interventions clinical management

Language: Английский

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Understanding the vaginal microbiome among women with different genotypes of human papillomavirus infection in remote Andaman islands

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection, and its acquisition persistence are significantly influenced by the vaginal microbiota. Understanding comparing microbiome of HPV infected women in Andaman Nicobar Islands crucial. The study involved collecting swabs extracting DNA using QIAamp Minikit. was then subjected to PCR amplification confirm infection. illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform utilized perform sequencing utilizing 2 x 250 paired end chemistry. Taxonomic analysis performed Bacterial abundance plots were generated samples grouped based on demographic parameters, pap test diagnosis, genotypes. To assess diversity, rarefied 49,000 sequence reads per sample, alpha beta diversity metrics calculated. analyzed presence 21 assigned phyla, with Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Proteobacteria emerging as predominant taxa. At genus level, Lactobacillus Gardnerella dominated across all samples. more abundant HPV-positive (22.40%) compared HPV-negative (10.04%). Symptomatic group had Gardnerella, unclassified Coriobacteriaceae being dominant. In terms bacterial found statistically significant association when comprising individuals aged 30 years those 31 40 years. Most research concluded that exposure can boost vagina healthy women, increasing risk cervical cancer development. Current highlights importance associated high low HPV, various age well symptomatic asymptomatic cases South Andaman.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Cytotoxic Potential of Quercetin-Loaded Magnetic Bacterial Bots against Cervical Cancer

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Bacterial bots are potent vehicles in cancer theranostics where bacteria used typically as cargos for drug delivery. However, living themselves may aid their efficiency killing the tissues. For example, be functionalized with magnetic and luminescent nanoparticles along drugs order to achieve targeted delivery release of payloads that would include bacteria. In this study, we elucidate synergistic impact human-friendly Lactobacillus rhamnosus decorated gold nanoclusters quercetin-loaded against HeLa-cervical cells. The cytotoxicity fabricated bacterial within low dose (5 × 105 CFU/mL) HeLa monolayer 3D spheroid model was found around 84%, which had remarkably enhanced up more than 91% presence an external magnet. antiproliferative action demonstrated by escalation generated reactive oxygen species from 1.8- 2.3-fold. Cells treated showed a decrease lipid droplet content, altered cell cycle patterns, led 74% (average population) cells being exposed necroptosis. study highlights cytotoxic potential cervical outweighing quercetin or only, ensuring external-magnetic-field-responsive system.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing Cervical Cancer Screening: New Diagnostic Methodologies, Triage, and Risk Stratification in Prevention and Treatment

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 367 - 367

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-established etiological factor in the development of precancerous cervical lesions and cancer. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on global prevalence, genotype distribution, pathophysiological mechanisms HPV infection, emphasizing regional epidemiological variations that influence prevention treatment strategies. Particular attention given to high-risk genotypes, their role carcinogenesis, impact co-infections cervicovaginal microbiota infection persistence disease progression. Advances diagnostic methodologies, including E6/E7 oncoprotein detection, DNA methylation, microRNA-based assays, are examined context improving screening accuracy early detection. Furthermore, explores psychological implications diagnosis underscores importance integrating psychosocial support into clinical management. Given challenges associated with coverage, potential self-sampling techniques, particularly resource-limited settings, discussed as means enhance accessibility participation cancer programs. By providing comprehensive overview these interrelated factors, this highlights necessity multidisciplinary approach integrates novel strategies, targeted efforts, supportive care mitigate burden HPV-associated diseases.

Language: Английский

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Association Between Vaginal Microbiota and Cervical Dysplasia Due to Persistent Human Papillomavirus Infection: A Systematic Review of Evidence from Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing Studies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 4258 - 4258

Published: April 30, 2025

The role of vaginal dysbiosis in the progression human papilloma virus (HPV) associated cervical lesions has gained attention recent years. While many studies use 16S rRNA gene sequencing for microbiota analysis, shotgun metagenomic offers higher taxonomic resolution and insights into microbial functions pathways. This systematic review evaluates relationship between compositional functional changes microbiome during HPV infection lesion progression. A literature search was performed according to PRISMA guidelines PubMed, Web Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect databases. Seven utilizing patients with or HPV-associated were included. Progression from cancer a reduction Lactobacillus species (particularly crispatus) an enrichment anaerobic pathogenic species, especially Gardnerella vaginalis. Heterogeneous enriched metabolic pathways also identified, indicating shifts As most conducted Asia, further research diverse regions is needed improve generalizability findings. Future employing may help identify biomarkers early pre-cancerous clarify persistent dysplasia.

Language: Английский

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Predicting Bacterial Vaginosis Development using Artificial Neural Networks

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 5, 2025

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome, characterized by depletion protective Lactobacillus spp. and overgrowth anaerobes. Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling microbial communities offers an opportunity for early detection incident BV (iBV). 16S rRNA gene sequencing quantitative PCR was performed on longitudinal specimens collected from participants within 14 days iBV or healthy to calculate inferred absolute abundance (IAA) bacterial taxa. ANNs were trained using IAA taxa 420 classify individual as either pre-iBV (collected before onset) Healthy. Feature importance assessed understand how specific micro-organisms contributed model predictions. ANN accurately classified >97% Healthy (sensitivity >96%, specificity >98%) 20 Model prediction accuracy maintained when training models only few key Models top five most important features achieved >97%, sensitivity >92%, >99%. predictive further improved white black separately; three feature >91%, >91%. analysis found that species L. gasseri jensenii differed in they predictions with data stratified race. A total analyzed, providing robust dataset validation. common infection associated numerous comorbidities. infertility, preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, increased risk HIV/STI acquisition. difficult detect prior onset, commonly recurs after treatment. Our allows accurate surveying potentially serving valuable tool determine which patients are at developing iBV. Early could lead wider adoption clinical interventions useful prevention such live biotherapeutics, prophylactic antibiotics, and/or behavioral modifications. findings indicate targets required predictions, facilitating cost time effective testing. Similarly, our study highlights value personalized patient populations, improving while reducing number

Language: Английский

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Vaginal Microbiome and Metabolome Profiles Among HPV Positive and HPV Negative Women Based on Stratification of Vaginitis

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 97(5)

Published: May 1, 2025

This study investigated the differences in vaginal microbiota and metabolism between HPV positive negative women based on stratification of vaginitis. was a case-control study. A total 164 were included this analysis with ratio 1:3 for women. The V3-V4 region 16S rRNA gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed sequencing Illumina. Untargeted metabolomic conducted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) system. Specific microbial species differentially expressed metabolites associated these explored. We found that statistically significant difference existed bacterial structure (R = 0.2177, p 0.001), positivity enrichment Lactobacillus iners among diagnosed However, not observed without Regarding metabolic differences, vaginitis displayed elevated levels organic acids their derivatives, accompanied decreased lipid secretions. Conversely, showed higher lower concentrations derivatives. Among vaginitis, positively correlated biogenic amine, derivatives negatively kessyl glycol. pelargonic acid. disparity abundance could be affected whether woman has been Metabolic indicated antioxidant therapy holds promising prospects potential application management treatment infections. Further in-depth research into molecular mechanisms is crucial clarifying precise role play infection.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Oral and Vaginal Probiotic Solutions for Women’s Health from Puberty to Menopause: A Narrative Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1614 - 1614

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

The vaginal microbiota (VMB) plays a crucial role in women's health from puberty to menopause. Traditional studies have focused on the microorganisms present within environment and their roles disease onset. However, dynamic relationship between VMB its host remains underexplored. Common narratives emphasize presence of

Language: Английский

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Immunometabolic Contributions of Atopobiaceae Family Members in Human Papillomavirus Infection, Cervical Dysplasia and Cancer

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Abstract Background In the cervicovaginal environment, human papillomavirus (HPV) acquisition and cervical cancer progression are linked to non-Lactobacillus dominance, of which Atopobiaceae key taxa. We hypothesize that modulates microenvironment promote HPV persistence cancer. However, extent impact immunometabolic is poorly understood. Methods investigated in a cohort primarily Hispanic non-Hispanic White women who were HPV-negative (n = 20), HPV-positive 31) without dysplasia, diagnosed with dysplasia 38), or newly invasive carcinoma 9). Microbiome data integrated clinical demographic surveys, immunoproteomics, metabolomics data. Results identified Fannyhessea vaginae, massiliense, species type 2, Lancefieldella deltae, an unclassified species. A higher prevalence was observed had gravidity parity. F. 2 vaginae infections high-risk genotypes 31 52. negatively correlated Lactobacillus positively Sneathia, Dialister, Anaerococcus, Prevotella, Bifidobacterium/Gardnerella. Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-12, TNF-α), immune checkpoint proteins (PD-L1, LAG3), biomarkers (CEA, MIF, TRAIL) associated Atopobiaceae-rich profiles. Prooncogenic metabolites, including 4-hydroxybutyrate sphingosine, also elevated colonized by Atopobiaceae. Conclusions Our implicate lipid modulation, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, evasion, may contribute This study highlights family pathogenic bacteria could be exploited monitor and/or targeted prevent HPV-mediated

Language: Английский

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Viewing Native American Cervical Cancer Disparities through the Lens of the Vaginal Microbiome: A Pilot Study

Cancer Prevention Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(11), P. 525 - 538

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

Abstract Vaginal dysbiosis is implicated in persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer. Yet, there a paucity of data on the vaginal microbiome Native American communities. Here, we aimed to elucidate relationships between microbiome, HPV, sociodemographic, behavioral risk factors better understand an increased cancer women. In this pilot study, recruited 31 participants (16 15 non-Native women) Northern Arizona examined microbiota composition, HPV status, immune mediators. We also assessed individuals’ sociodemographic information physical, mental, sexual, reproductive health. Overall, profiles were dominated by common Lactobacillus species (associated with health) or mixture bacterial vaginosis–associated bacteria. Only 44% women exhibited dominance, compared 58% Women had elevated pH more frequently infected high-risk HPV. Furthermore, observed associations multiple people household, lower level education, high parity abundance specific species. Finally, dysbiotic presented levels proinflammatory cytokines. Altogether, these findings indicate interplay microbiota, host defense, which may play role disparity among Future longitudinal studies are needed determine mechanistic persistence context social determinants health toward long-term goal reducing disparities non-Hispanic White populations. Prevention Relevance: Cervical disproportionally affects Sociodemographic might contribute via alteration microbiota. show association activation, can be other racial/ethnic

Language: Английский

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