The costs of diversity: higher prices for more diverse grassland seed mixtures DOI Creative Commons
Sergei Schaub, Robert Finger, Nina Buchmann

et al.

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 094011 - 094011

Published: Aug. 4, 2021

Abstract Globally, we face a dramatic biodiversity loss in agricultural systems as well severe ecosystem degradation. In grasslands, higher terms of plant diversity was shown to increase the trophic levels and provide benefits for farmers such more stable yields. However, lack systematic overview costs diverse seed mixtures, which are an essential tool maintaining increasing grasslands. We here investigated prices characteristics 262 commercially available mixtures from six German or Swiss online shops quantified relationships between mixture diversity. The most frequent contained 1–10 species were designed rather intensive grassland management. On contrary, smaller set with particularly high (>30 species), usually native ecotypes, offered restoration purposes. More also expensive. For example, 10 30 on average +63% +387% expensive, respectively, than product containing only one species. relationship per ha related other characteristics, provenance (i.e. ecotypes vs. cultivars) important price. Seed had considerably (⩾+75%) those including cultivars. conclusion, grasslands can be costly. These need considered when making recommendations stakeholders. Measures reduce and/or could promote establishment diversity, facilitate semi-natural contribute solving crisis agroecosystems.

Language: Английский

Combatting global grassland degradation DOI
Richard D. Bardgett, James M. Bullock, Sandra Lavorel

et al.

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(10), P. 720 - 735

Published: Sept. 7, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

884
The results of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments are realistic DOI
Malte Jochum, Markus Fischer, Forest Isbell

et al.

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(11), P. 1485 - 1494

Published: Aug. 24, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

145
Plant–Soil Feedbacks and Temporal Dynamics of Plant Diversity–Productivity Relationships DOI
Madhav P. Thakur, Wim H. van der Putten, Rutger A. Wilschut

et al.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(7), P. 651 - 661

Published: April 20, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

115
A multitrophic perspective on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research DOI
Nico Eisenhauer, Holger Schielzeth, Andrew D. Barnes

et al.

Advances in ecological research/Advances in Ecological Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 54

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

141
How complementarity and selection affect the relationship between ecosystem functioning and stability DOI
Shaopeng Wang, Forest Isbell,

Wanlu Deng

et al.

Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 102(6)

Published: March 20, 2021

Abstract The biotic mechanisms underlying ecosystem functioning and stability have been extensively—but separately—explored in the literature, making it difficult to understand relationship between stability. In this study, we used community models examine how complementarity selection, two major biodiversity known enhance biomass production, affect Our analytic simulation results show that although promotes stability, selection impairs it. negative effects of on operate through weakening portfolio selecting species high productivity but low tolerance perturbations (“risk‐prone” species). contrast, enhances by increasing reducing relative abundance risk‐prone species. Consequently, exhibit either a synergy, if prevail, or trade‐off, prevail. Across richness levels, tend be positively related, relationships can occur when co‐varies with richness. findings provide novel insights for understanding functioning‐stability relationship, potential implications both ecological research management.

Language: Английский

Citations

83
Conceptualizing ecosystem services using social–ecological networks DOI
María R. Felipe‐Lucia, Angela M. Guerrero, Steven M. Alexander

et al.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(3), P. 211 - 222

Published: Dec. 27, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

77
Shifts from complementarity to selection effects maintain high productivity in maize/legume intercropping systems DOI
Weiping Zhang,

Sai‐Nan Gao,

Zhaoxin Li

et al.

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 58(11), P. 2603 - 2613

Published: Aug. 10, 2021

Abstract Complementarity (CE) and selection effects (SE) have been either invoked to explain the positive diversity–productivity relationship in natural semi‐natural ecosystems. Few studies have, however, separated complementarity economically valuable intercropping systems, which receive significant nutrient inputs throughout growing season. We performed a 2‐year field experiment with five cropping systems (i.e. maize/peanut intercropping, maize/soybean maize, peanut soybean monocultures) under different combinations of nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P) fertilization. Sequential harvest subplots was times during season additive partitioning method applied determine two systems. found that land equivalent ratio (LER) based on yield greater than or close 1 both suggesting advantages these compared monocultures. The LER without N fertilization 2018 2017. Nitrogen reduced 2018, across 2 years. had much stronger maize yield. Intercropping increased but decreased CE more important for net biodiversity while SE Phosphorus impacts were weaker Finally, at later growth stages within Synthesis applications . Our study demonstrates how species‐diverse can be maximized through (a) absence thanks use between crops (b) overyielding highly productive species maize). Yield promoted by are sustainable because they associated chemical fertilizer monetary benefits farmers. These findings implications design management food‐production

Language: Английский

Citations

67
Young mixed planted forests store more carbon than monocultures—a meta-analysis DOI Creative Commons
Emily Warner, Susan C. Cook‐Patton, Owen T. Lewis

et al.

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Nov. 9, 2023

Although decades of research suggest that higher species richness improves ecosystem functioning and stability, planted forests are predominantly monocultures. To determine whether diversification plantations would enhance aboveground carbon storage, we systematically reviewed over 11,360 publications, acquired data from a global network tree diversity experiments. We compiled maximum dataset 79 monoculture to mixed comparisons 21 sites with all variables needed for meta-analysis. assessed stocks in mixed-species vs. (a) the average monocultures, (b) best monoculture, (c) commercial examined potential mechanisms driving differences between mixtures On average, found were 70% than 77% 25% performing although latter was not statistically significant. Overyielding highest four-species (richness range 2–6 species), but otherwise none (nitrogen-fixer present absent; native non-native/mixed origin; experiment forestry plantation) consistently explained variation effects. Our results, young stands, thus could be very promising solution increasing sequestration represent call action more increase confidence these results elucidate methods overcome any operational challenges costs associated diversification.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Scale‐dependent diversity–biomass relationships can be driven by tree mycorrhizal association and soil fertility DOI Creative Commons
Zikun Mao, Fons van der Plas, Adriana Corrales

et al.

Ecological Monographs, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 93(2)

Published: Feb. 18, 2023

Abstract Diversity–biomass relationships (DBRs) often vary with spatial scale in terrestrial ecosystems, but the mechanisms driving these scale‐dependent patterns remain unclear, especially for highly heterogeneous forest ecosystems. This study explores how mutualistic associations between trees and different mycorrhizal fungi, i.e., arbuscular (AM) vs. ectomycorrhizal (EM) association, modulate DBRs. We hypothesized that soil‐heterogeneous forests a mixture of AM EM tree species, (i) species would respond contrasting ways (i.e., positively negatively, respectively) to increasing soil fertility, (ii) dominance contribute higher diversity greater standing biomass, as result (iii) exert an overall negative effect on DBRs across scales. To empirically test hypotheses, we collected detailed distribution information (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, pH) from seven temperate subtropical AM–EM mixed megaplots (16–50 ha). Using codispersion null model structural equation modeling, identified among or dominance, diversity, biomass and, thus, 0.01‐ 1‐ha found first evidence supporting three aforementioned hypotheses forests: In most forests, communities changed EM‐dominated AM‐dominated; had positive even after controlling fertility number trees. Together, changes along gradients weakened DBR observed at 0.04‐ha scales nearly all drove 0.25‐ four out forests. Hence, this highlights soil‐related mechanism could partly explain why, many natural biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) shift scale.

Language: Английский

Citations

25
Multitrophic biodiversity enhances ecosystem functions, services and ecological intensification in agriculture DOI Creative Commons
Oksana Y. Buzhdygan, Jana S. Petermann

Journal of Plant Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(6)

Published: May 24, 2023

Abstract One central challenge for humanity is to mitigate and adapt an ongoing climate biodiversity crisis while providing resources a growing human population. Ecological intensification (EI) aims maximize crop productivity minimizing impacts on the environment, especially by using improve ecosystem functions services. Many EI measures are based trophic interactions between organisms (e.g. pollination, biocontrol). Here, we investigate how research multitrophic effects of functioning could advance application in agriculture forestry. We review previous studies use qualitative analyses literature test important variables such as land-use parameters or habitat complexity affect diversity, biodiversity–ecosystem relationships. found that positive prevalent production systems, largely across function dimensions, levels, study methodologies different functions, however, with certain context dependencies. also strong land management functions. detected knowledge gaps terms data from underrepresented geographical areas, organism groups functional diversity measurements. Additionally, identified several aspects require more attention future, trade-offs multiple temporal dynamics, change, spatial scale their implementation. This information will be vital ensure agricultural forest landscapes produce sustainably within environmental limits planet.

Language: Английский

Citations

25