International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 19, P. 5637 - 5680
Published: June 1, 2024
Abstract:
Photodynamic
therapy
(PDT)
is
a
non-invasive
that
has
made
significant
progress
in
treating
different
diseases,
including
cancer,
by
utilizing
new
nanotechnology
products
such
as
graphene
and
its
derivatives.
Graphene-based
materials
have
large
surface
area
photothermal
effects
thereby
making
them
suitable
candidates
for
PDT
or
photo-active
drug
carriers.
The
remarkable
photophysical
properties
of
derivates
facilitate
the
efficient
generation
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
upon
light
irradiation,
which
destroys
cancer
cells.
Surface
functionalization
can
also
enhance
their
biocompatibility
anticancer
activity.
paper
delves
into
distinct
roles
played
graphene-based
photosensitizers
(PS)
carriers
while
at
same
time
considers
how
these
could
be
used
to
circumvent
resistance.
This
will
provide
readers
with
an
extensive
discussion
various
pathways
contributing
inefficiency.
Consequently,
this
comprehensive
review
underscores
vital
derivatives
may
play
emerging
strategies
treatment
other
medical
purposes.
With
better
comprehension
current
state
research
existing
challenges,
integration
holds
great
promise
developing
targeted,
effective,
personalized
treatments.
Keywords:
quantum
dots,
oxide,
research,
photosensitizers,
delivery
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: March 12, 2025
This
study
presents
the
design
and
analysis
of
a
biosensor
for
COVID-19
detection,
integrating
graphene
metasurfaces
with
gold,
silver,
GST
materials.
The
proposed
sensor
architecture
combines
square
ring
resonator
circular
resonator,
optimized
through
COMSOL
Multiphysics
simulations
in
infrared
regime.
demonstrates
exceptional
performance
characteristics,
absorption
values
exceeding
99.5%
primary
detection
band
(4.2–4.6
μm)
approximately
97.5%
secondary
(5.0–5.5
μm).
device
exhibits
high
sensitivity
(4000
nm/RIU),
limit
0.078,
figure
merit
16.000
RIU⁻¹
when
utilizing
crystalline
as
substrate
material.
sensor's
was
further
enhanced
machine
learning
optimization
using
XGBoost
regression,
achieving
perfect
correlation
(R²
=
100%)
between
predicted
experimental
across
various
operational
parameters.
dual-band
mechanism,
combined
integration
advanced
materials
optimization,
offers
promising
platform
rapid,
label-free,
highly
sensitive
detection.
research
contributes
to
development
next-generation
biosensing
technologies
viral
disease
diagnosis.
Combination
therapy,
which
involves
using
multiple
therapeutic
modalities
simultaneously
or
sequentially,
has
become
a
cornerstone
of
modern
cancer
treatment.
Graphene-based
nanomaterials
(GBNs)
have
emerged
as
versatile
platforms
for
drug
delivery,
gene
and
photothermal
therapy.
These
materials
enable
synergistic
approach,
improving
the
efficacy
treatments
while
reducing
side
effects.
This
review
explores
roles
graphene,
graphene
oxide
(GO),
quantum
dots
(GQDs)
in
combination
therapies
highlights
their
potential
to
enhance
immunotherapy
targeted
therapies.
The
large
surface
area
high
drug-loading
capacity
facilitate
codelivery
agents,
promoting
sustained
release.
GQDs,
with
unique
optical
properties,
offer
real-time
imaging
capabilities,
adding
another
layer
precision
However,
challenges
such
biocompatibility,
long-term
toxicity,
scalability
need
be
addressed
ensure
clinical
safety.
Preclinical
studies
show
promising
results
GBNs,
suggesting
revolutionize
treatment
through
innovative
Biosensors,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(5), P. 269 - 269
Published: April 24, 2022
Cancer
is
one
of
the
deadliest
diseases
worldwide,
and
there
a
critical
need
for
diagnostic
platforms
applications
in
early
cancer
detection.
The
diagnosis
can
be
made
by
identifying
abnormal
cell
characteristics
such
as
functional
changes,
number
vital
proteins
body,
genetic
mutations
structural
so
on.
Identifying
biomarker
candidates
DNA,
RNA,
mRNA,
aptamers,
metabolomic
biomolecules,
enzymes,
most
important
challenges.
In
order
to
eliminate
challenges,
emerging
biomarkers
identified
designing
suitable
biosensor.
One
powerful
technologies
development
biosensor
technology
based
on
nanostructures.
Recently,
graphene
its
derivatives
have
been
used
diverse
therapeutic
approaches.
Graphene-based
biosensors
exhibited
significant
performance
with
excellent
sensitivity,
selectivity,
stability,
wide
detection
range.
this
review,
principle
technology,
advances,
challenges
graphene-based
field-effect
transistors
(FET),
fluorescence
sensors,
SPR
biosensors,
electrochemical
detect
different
cells
systematically
discussed.
Additionally,
we
provide
an
outlook
properties,
applications,
derivatives,
Graphene
Oxide
(GO),
Reduced
(RGO),
Quantum
Dots
(GQDs),
nanobiosensors.
Nanomaterials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(5), P. 846 - 846
Published: Feb. 24, 2023
Graphene
is
a
two-dimensional
(2D)
material
with
single
atomic
crystal
structure
of
carbon
that
has
the
potential
to
create
next-generation
devices
for
photonic,
optoelectronic,
thermoelectric,
sensing,
wearable
electronics,
etc.,
owing
its
excellent
electron
mobility,
large
surface-to-volume
ratio,
adjustable
optics,
and
high
mechanical
strength.
In
contrast,
their
light-induced
conformations,
fast
response,
photochemical
stability,
surface-relief
structures,
azobenzene
(AZO)
polymers
have
been
used
as
temperature
sensors
photo-switchable
molecules
are
recognized
candidates
new
generation
light-controllable
molecular
electronics.
They
can
withstand
trans-cis
isomerization
by
conducting
light
irradiation
or
heating
but
poor
photon
lifetime
energy
density
prone
agglomeration
even
at
mild
doping
levels,
reducing
optical
sensitivity.
derivatives,
including
graphene
oxide
(GO)
reduced
(RGO),
an
platform
that,
combined
AZO-based
polymers,
could
generate
type
hybrid
interesting
properties
ordered
molecules.
AZO
derivatives
may
modify
density,
responsiveness,
storage
capacity,
potentially
preventing
aggregation
strengthening
complexes.
sensors,
photocatalysts,
photodetectors,
photocurrent
switching,
other
applications.
This
review
aimed
provide
overview
recent
progress
in
graphene-related
2D
materials
(Gr2MS)
polymer
AZO-GO/RGO
structures
synthesis
The
concludes
remarks
based
on
findings
this
study.
Results in Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
7, P. 101300 - 101300
Published: Dec. 31, 2023
Lung
cancer
is
one
of
the
most
common
diseases
worldwide
today
and
has
highest
mortality
rate
among
cancers.
Therefore,
early
diagnosis
this
disease
special
importance.
Due
to
fact
that
methods
for
detecting
lung
are
costly
time-consuming,
providing
cheaper
faster
received
attention.
With
significant
development
nanotechnology
in
recent
years
various
nanomaterials,
activities
have
been
carried
out
field.
Recent
studies
show
graphene
oxide
due
their
unique
properties,
a
high
potential
design
biosensors
detect
cancer.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: June 7, 2023
Two-dimensional
(2D)
nanomaterials,
such
as
graphene,
black
phosphorus
and
transition
metal
dichalcogenides,
have
attracted
increasing
attention
in
biology
biomedicine.
Their
high
mechanical
stiffness,
excellent
electrical
conductivity,
optical
transparency,
biocompatibility
led
to
rapid
advances.
Neuroscience
is
a
complex
field
with
many
challenges,
nervous
system
difficult
repair
regenerate,
well
the
early
diagnosis
treatment
of
neurological
diseases
are
also
challenged.
This
review
mainly
focuses
on
application
2D
nanomaterials
neuroscience.
Firstly,
we
introduced
various
types
nanomaterials.
Secondly,
due
repairment
regeneration
nerve
an
important
problem
neuroscience,
summarized
studies
applied
neural
based
their
unique
physicochemical
properties
biocompatibility.
We
discussed
potential
nanomaterial-based
synaptic
devices
mimic
connections
among
neurons
human
brain
low-power
switching
capabilities
mobility
charge
carriers.
In
addition,
reviewed
clinical
diagnosing
treating
neurodegenerative
diseases,
disorders,
glioma.
Finally,
challenge
future
directions
