Theorizing the Role of Dopaminergic Polymorphic Risk Alleles with Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED), Violent/Aggressive Behavior and Addiction: Justification of Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Testing

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 1946 - 1946

Published: Nov. 23, 2022

Scientific studies have provided evidence that there is a relationship between violent and aggressive behaviors addictions. Genes involved with the reward system, specifically brain cascade (BRC), appear to be associated various addictions impulsive, aggressive, behaviors. In our previous research, we examined Taq A1 allele (variant D2 dopamine receptor gene) DAT-40 base repeat (a variant of transporter in 11 Caucasian boys at Brown School San Marcus, Texas, diagnosed intermittent explosive disorder. Thirty supernormal controls were screened exclude several reward-deficit behaviors, including pathological violence, genotyped for DRD2 gene. Additionally, 91 ADHD, alcoholism, drug dependence, tobacco abuse, their results compared DAT1 genotype results. schoolboys vs. supercontrols, was significant association trend variant. Results support hypothesis involvement least two gene risk alleles adolescent violent/aggressive This study research presented this paper suggest are greater addiction, mediated via genes linked BRC. review provides contributory analysis how polymorphisms, especially those related circuitry,

Language: Английский

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The relationship of lifetime substance-use disorder with family functioning, childhood victimisation, and depression, among juvenile offenders in Malaysia

Addictive Behaviors Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 100359 - 100359

Published: May 27, 2021

Adolescent substance use is a multifactorial social issue that leads to detrimental outcomes. The aim of this study understand the association lifetime history abuse or dependence with family functioning, childhood victimisation, and depression, among adolescent male inmates in juvenile detention centre Malaysia. This was cross-sectional involving 230 conducted mean age participants 16.65 years, highest percentage from Malay ethnicity (87.8% where n = 202). Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children Adolescents (MINI-KID), Alcohol Drug Involvement Scale (AADIS), Family Adaptability Cohesion Evaluation (FACES) IV Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire Second Revision (JVQ-R2) were used as instruments. prevalence 72.6% 58.3%, respectively. A had significant age, race, religion, peer/sibling victimisation. Further analysis reveals an increase can be predictor both while victimisation may predict abuse. There no substance-use disorder functioning depression offenders. exposed might at higher risk developing disorder. At-risk groups need identified, assessed, have intervention early prevent adverse

Language: Английский

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Succumbing to the Call of Violence – Sex-Linked Development of Appetitive Aggression in Relation to Familial and Organized Violence

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: May 9, 2017

Appetitive aggression is the attraction to violent behavior, which can peak in experience of a combat high. In various war and conflict scenarios, members armed groups have reported developing desire hunt even kill humans. More recently, we that phenomenon has also been observed female ex-combatants with varying participation warfare. Despite recent investigations on risk factors for appetitive aggression, sex specific pathways development not yet delineated. This study investigated moderation effects previously identified by means regression analyses sample individuals degrees warfare (overall sample, n = 602). First examining characterized backgrounds heterogeneous both sociodemographic data experiences, analysis was then replicated subsample fighters active during civil (combatant 109). samples, revealed significant sex. Childhood maltreatment traumatic events had positive associations males but negative (childhood maltreatment) or no (traumatic events) association females. Perpetrated were more strongly correlated females than males. pattern pronounced combatant sample. These results are favor sex-linked pathways. sexes, may evolved as biologically prepared response cruel environments might develop along different trajectories. The current highlights need addressing order support peace-building processes emphasizes starting-points.

Language: Английский

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Short-Term Music Therapy Attention and Arousal Regulation Treatment (SMAART) for Prisoners with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Feasibility Study

Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. 376 - 392

Published: Sept. 25, 2019

Hyperarousal and attention problems as a result of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are being recognized risk for offense recidivism. Short-term Music therapy Attention Arousal Regulation Treatment (SMAART) was designed first step intervention to address responsivity treatment needs prisoners who were not eligible or unwilling undergo eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. This article describes pilot study the manualized SMAART protocol in Penitentiary Psychiatric Center (PPC) whether there is an increase focused sustained decline arousal symptoms suffering from PTSD, attributable SMAART. A single case baseline-treatment-design with pre- post-assessment (N = 13) used. PTSD prevalence severity assessed using Primary Care-PTSD screen Symptom Scale Interview. Selective Bourdon–Wiersma dot cancellation test. The results show promising well improved selective levels subjects. Also, after intervention, five participants no longer met threshold diagnosis. that could be implemented PPC-setting. Although clinical suggest improvement, this small feasibility so must interpreted care. Suggestions future research offered.

Language: Английский

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Impulse Control Difficulties and Hostility Toward Women as Predictors of Relationship Violence Perpetration in an Undergraduate Male Sample

Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 36(9-10), P. NP4653 - 4678

Published: Aug. 23, 2018

Relationship violence in college students continues to be an important social problem. Prior research has identified several risk factors for relationship including trauma exposure, impulse control difficulties, and hostility toward women; however, previous assessing these variables mainly focused on bivariate relationships, with little work attempting connect multiple correlates while utilizing a theoretical, interactive approach. The purpose of this study was simultaneously examine (i.e., women, difficulties), male perpetration among sample using cross-sectional design. It hypothesized that men sample, women exposure would moderate the between difficulties violence. findings suggested college-aged men, who have high exposures, may more likely perpetrate against female intimate partner than those are low report levels or fewer no exposures. Thus, current suggests predisposes specific attributes violence, which provide treatment target future intervention programs.

Language: Английский

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DNA methylation and psychotherapy response in trauma-exposed men with appetitive aggression

Psychiatry Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 295, P. 113608 - 113608

Published: Nov. 27, 2020

Language: Английский

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Exploring Roles of Stakeholders in Combating Substance Abuse in the DIMAMO Surveillance Site, South Africa

Substance Abuse Research and Treatment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17, P. 117822182211474 - 117822182211474

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The increasing prevalence of substance abuse in rural areas Limpopo Province is a concern for most stakeholders including the families, South Africa Police Service, and social workers. Combating Substance Abuse requires active roles various community, due to limited resources prevention, treatment, recovery.To report on tackling during awareness campaign conducted deep community Province, DIMAMO surveillance area.Qualitative narrative design was adopted explore combating community. population consisted different who play an role reducing Abuse. triangulation method used data collection (interviews, observations, taking field notes presentations). Purposive sampling select all available actively combat communities. Thematic analysis analyze interviews with content presented by generate themes.The among youth Dikgale high growing trend Crystal Meth, "nyaope," Cannabis(marijuana). worsened diverse challenges experienced families which impact strategies targeted Abuse.The findings indicated need strong collaborations (including school leadership) successfully areas. demonstrated well-capacitated healthcare services adequate rehabilitation centers well-trained providers minimize victim stigmatization.

Language: Английский

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‘Voice needs teeth to have bite’! Expanding community-led multisectoral action-learning to address alcohol and drug abuse in rural South Africa

PLOS Global Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(10), P. e0000323 - e0000323

Published: Oct. 19, 2022

There is limited operational understanding of multisectoral action in health inclusive communities as active change agents. The objectives were to: (a) develop community-led action-learning, advancing responses for local public problems; and (b) derive transferrable learning. Participants representing communities, government departments non-governmental organisations a rural district South Africa co-designed the process. identified problematised concerns, coproduced collectively analysed data, developed implemented action, reflected on refined Project data to understand how expand across sectors. Community actors alcohol other drug (AOD) abuse major problem locally, generated evidence depicting self-sustaining problem, destructive disproportionately affecting children young people. then plans rebuild community control over AOD harms. Implementation underscored commitment, but also revealed organisational challenges highlighted importance coordination with reforms. While plan was only partially achieved, new relationships collective capabilities built, process recommended integration into planning review. We created spaces engaging otherwise disconnected stakeholders build dialogue, evidence, action. Engagement needed time, space, sensitive, approach. Regular engagement helped collaborative mindsets. Credible, actionable information supported engagement. Collectively reflecting adapting aligning systems priorities enabled uptake. made gains raising 'voice' initiating dialogue authorities, giving voice 'teeth'. Achieving 'bite', however, requires longer-term engagement, formal sustained connections system. Sustaining highly fluid contexts connecting higher levels are likely be challenging. learning can support development collaborative.

Language: Английский

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Associations between societal disapproval and changes in symptoms of PTSD and appetitive aggression following treatment among high-risk South African males

European journal of psychotraumatology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

Background: In violent communities, social rejection as a person with victim–offender attributes is associated more intense symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and higher propensity towards violence, i.e. appetitive aggression. Successful community reintegration encompassing adequate acknowledgment individuals both history violence exposure perpetration may be necessary to enhance the treatment effects interventions addressing PTSD aggression.Objective: this study, post-treatment traumatic events, offenses, (with sub-dimensions general disapproval, family recognition commission) on changes in symptom severity aggression from baseline 8-month follow-up were investigated.Method: Data collected 54 males recruited through Cape Town offender programme for an intervention study targeting trauma (n = 28 treatment; n 26 wait-list). Changes after assessed Symptom Scale-Interview, Appetitive Aggression Scale (AAS), events adapted version Child's Exposure Violence Checklist, offenses checklist AAS, form Social Acknowledgment Questionnaire.Results: Path analyses revealed negative relationships between ongoing societal disapproval at 8-months, controlling age. All other variables non-significant, except treatment, which was reduction.Conclusions: As complementary strategy effective psychotherapeutic increased contribute significantly alleviation Psychological should, therefore, not neglect impact factors effects.

Language: Английский

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Appetitive aggression in offending youths: Contributions of callous unemotional traits and violent cognitive patterns

Current Psychology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41(4), P. 2496 - 2505

Published: May 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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