Addiction is driven by excessive goal-directed drug choice under negative affect: translational critique of habit and compulsion theory

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 45(5), P. 720 - 735

Published: Jan. 6, 2020

Drug addiction may be a goal-directed choice driven by excessive drug value in negative affective states, habit strong stimulus-response associations, or compulsion insensitivity to costs imposed on seeking. Laboratory animal and human evidence for these three theories is evaluated. Excessive goal theory supported dependence severity being associated with greater choice/economic demand. demonstrably (driven the expected of drug) can augmented stress/negative mood induction withdrawal-effects amplified those psychiatric symptoms use coping motives. Furthermore, confer risk dependence, motives mediate this risk. Habit has weaker support. Habitual behaviour seen drug-exposed animals often does not occur complex decision scenarios, where responding rewarded, so unlikely explain most addictive conditions apply. studies have found propensity habitual users as function severity, minority that explained task disengagement producing impaired explicit contingency knowledge. Compulsion also weak The persistence punished seeking better (evinced association economic demand) than costs. provided discount cost severity. These data suggest primarily under affect, less compulsion. Addiction pathological because states powerfully increase acutely outweighing abstinence goals.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of online mindfulness-based interventions in improving mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. e0274177 - e0274177

Published: Sept. 21, 2022

Introduction Psychotherapies, such as mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), are currently needed to tackle mental health problems. Online MBIs have become promising since face-to-face limited during the COVID-19 pandemic due lockdown and social distancing. This systematic review meta-analysis aimed investigate effect of online in improving health, mainly depression, anxiety, stress. Materials methods A literature search was conducted according PRISMA 2020 guidelines on several databases for eligible studies up October 17, 2021. Study quality assessed using Cochrane’s Risk Bias 2 tool. Effect sizes were presented standardized mean difference (Hedges’ g ) between control groups at post-test follow-up a random-effects model. Results Eight randomized controlled trials involving 868 participants included this meta-analysis. The pooled adherence rate 94% (95% CI = 91% 98%). findings revealed that had statistically significant small moderate reducing depression ( -0.32; 95% -0.49 -0.14; I 0%), anxiety -0.25; -0.43 -0.06; 27%), stress -0.62; -1.09 -0.16; 83%). In addition, effects observed -0.26; -0.48 -0.04; 0%) -0.28; -0.08; but not Conclusion beneficial particularly stress, pandemic. Given limitations current study, future specifically consider potential influencing factors, longer evaluation, methodological warranted.

Language: Английский

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Relative expected value of drugs versus competing rewards underpins vulnerability to and recovery from addiction

Behavioural Brain Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 394, P. 112815 - 112815

Published: July 22, 2020

Behavioural economic theories of addiction contend that greater expected value drug relative to alternative non-drug rewards is the core mechanism underpinning vulnerability and recovery from addiction. To evaluate this claim, we exhaustively review studies with human users have measured concurrent choice between drugs vs. rewards, explored individual differences. These show can be modulated by cues, devaluation, imposition costs/punishment negative mood induction. Regarding differences, dependence severity was reliably associated overall preference, self-reported use cope affect sensitivity induced increases in choice. By contrast, there were no reliable differences effect devaluation or punishment on findings provide insight into mechanisms underpin dependence: conferred ascribed drugs, further augmented affective states those who report coping motives. However, does not appear characterised abnormal cue-reactivity, habit learning compulsion. We then briefly emerging literature which demonstrates therapeutic interventions might attributed changes versus rewards. Finally, outline a speculative computational account distortions decision-making precede action selection addiction, explain how provides blueprint for future research determinants choice, treatment conclude unified has great promise reconciling diverse theories, neuropsychological evaluation underlying decision fruitful area treatment.

Language: Английский

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Mindfulness in Treatment Approaches for Addiction — Underlying Mechanisms and Future Directions

Current Addiction Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 282 - 297

Published: May 15, 2021

Abstract Purpose of Review While the treatment addictive disorders proves to be challenging, new approaches that evolved around concepts mindfulness and acceptance have been utilized investigated in recent years. Our goal is summarize efficacy possible underlying mechanisms mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) disorders. Recent Findings Various meta-analyses suggested MBIs show clinical Considering factors impact disorders, indicated augment responsiveness natural rewards contrast addiction-related cues as well increase top-down cognitive control, decrease subjective physiological stress perception, enhance positive affect. Summary In summary, hold promise treating while larger randomized controlled trials with longitudinal study designs are needed confirm their utility. Newest endeavors strive utility by augmentation or personalization.

Language: Английский

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Risk Pathways Contributing to the Alcohol Harm Paradox: Socioeconomic Deprivation Confers Susceptibility to Alcohol Dependence via Greater Exposure to Aversive Experience, Internalizing Symptoms and Drinking to Cope

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 14, 2022

Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with greater alcohol problems despite lower consumption, but the mechanisms underpinning this harm paradox remain obscure. Fragmented published evidence collectively supports a multistage causal risk pathway wherein socioeconomic increases probability of exposure to aversive experience, which promotes internalizing symptoms (depression and anxiety), drinking cope negative affect, in turn accelerates transition from use dependence. To evaluate proposed pathway, 219 hazardous drinkers an undergraduate population completed questionnaires assessing these constructs single, cross sectional, online survey. Partial correlation coefficients revealed that each variable showed strongest unique association next model, when adjusting for other variables. Bootstrapped serial mediation analysis indirect linking all variables order was significant, while permutations were non-significant. Network centrality corroborated path. Finally, ratios estimated by categorizing suggested increased experience 32%, 180%, 64%, susceptibility dependence 59%. These preliminary findings need be future research, nevertheless, they call prevention strategies founded on social justice minimization socially deprived individuals mitigate mental health problems, maladaptive coping addiction.

Language: Английский

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Remote delivery of a Koru Mindfulness intervention for college students during the COVID-19 pandemic

Journal of American College Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 72(3), P. 897 - 904

Published: April 15, 2022

Objective To examine whether a remote, online, group-based mindfulness intervention results in effects during the COVID-19 pandemic.Participants 111 college students: 58 group, 53 waitlist control group.Methods Randomized trial (RCT) using 4-week Koru Mindfulness program, investigating pre-to-posttest changes group compared to time-yoked participants.Results Average effect size for all 21 variables measured was 0.48. The produced significant benefits mindfulness, rumination, worry, mood, stress, anxiety, three out of six aspects psychological wellbeing (Autonomy, Environmental mastery, Self-acceptance) and physical activity. No noted depression (d = 0.33) or sleep −0.13), (Personal growth, Positive relationships, Purpose life).Conclusions A program yielded on mood students, even under dire circumstances pandemic.

Language: Английский

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How Does Mindfulness Alleviate Panic Buying: The Mediating Role of Social Alienation and Death Anxiety

Psychology Research and Behavior Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 901 - 915

Published: April 1, 2025

Health crises and disease outbreaks can trigger public fear, leading to behaviors such as panic buying. It's crucial learn from past identify factors that curb buying, enabling more effective management of this phenomenon. Although mindfulness has been shown influence individual consumption behavior, no research date explored its association with This utilizes terror theory investigate the mindfulness, a personality trait, on buying during health crisis, explore sequential mediating roles social alienation death anxiety. A two-wave survey was administered 342 Chinese college students COVID-19 outbreak. Initially, provided their levels demographic information. week later, participants who had completed first wave reported intentions, alienation, Structural Equation Modeling analysis revealed negative relationship between anxiety acting both parallel serial mediators in relationship. Our deepens understanding consumer behavior perspective, fills gap study uncovers "black box" The findings highlight potential mitigating crises, offering practical implications for managing pandemic-related challenges providing valuable insights future mindful consumption.

Language: Английский

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The Treatment of Substance Use Disorders: Recent Developments and New Perspectives

Neuropsychobiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 81(5), P. 451 - 472

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Substance-related disorders are complex psychiatric that characterized by continued consumption in spite of harmful consequences. Addiction affects various brain networks critically involved learning, reward, and motivation, as well inhibitory control. Currently applied therapeutic approaches aim at modification behavior ultimately leads to decrease or abstinence individuals with substance use disorders. However, traditional treatment methods might benefit from recent neurobiological cognitive neuroscientific research findings. Novel cognitive-behavioral the addictive enhancement strategies cope stressful conditions craving-inducing cues target erroneous learning mechanisms, including bias modification, reconsolidation-based interventions, mindfulness-based virtual-reality-based cue exposure therapy pharmacological augmentation strategies. This review discusses dysregulated neurocognitive processes associated development maintenance disordered may hold promise effective treatments for substance-related

Language: Английский

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Psychological Interventions for Higher Education Students in Europe: A Systematic Literature Review

Youth, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 236 - 257

Published: June 28, 2022

During tertiary education, students embark on a journey of role exploration and decision-making about their future, to define who they want be in adult lives. Psychological services for may needed help gain better awareness mental health. The purpose this systematic literature review is analyze psychological interventions university Europe. was conducted per the Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were identified using Scopus, Web Science, PubMed, ProQuest Psychology Journals, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES databases. results classified into seven categories: counseling group (eight papers); psychodynamic (six cognitive–behavioral (fifteen other (eighteen mindfulness (nine online (seventeen app mobile (ten papers). Student are becoming one most important sources support students, number approaches offered expanding. Our suggest need further investigate promote provision care explore long-term treatment options, invest professionally trained staff.

Language: Английский

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Brief online negative affect focused functional imagery training (FIT) improves four-week drinking outcomes in hazardous student drinkers: A pilot randomised controlled trial replication in South Africa

Addictive Behaviors Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19, P. 100540 - 100540

Published: March 19, 2024

Previous study has shown that functional imagery training (FIT) to utilise positive mental in response negative affect could improve alcohol-related outcomes. The current aimed replicate whether this focused FIT would outcomes hazardous student drinkers South Africa at four-week follow-up. 50 who reported drinking cope with were randomised into two groups. active group (n = 25) was trained online over weeks respond personalised triggers by retrieving a adaptive strategy they might use mitigate affect, whereas the control received standard risk information about binge drinking. Outcome measures including alcohol consumption, motives, anxiety and depression, self-efficacy of protective behavioural strategies obtained baseline effects revealed three significant group-by-timepoint interactions per-protocol analysis: there decrease depressive symptoms, for social reasons from follow-up group, but not group. No observed on self-efficacy, behaviour anxiety. Preliminary evidence supports can depression as well coping motives African drank cope, follow-up, suggesting principles approach be adapted incorporated clinical intervention test efficacy mitigating substance problems.

Language: Английский

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