Cannabis use in Germany: Frequency, routes of administration, and co-use of inhaled nicotine or tobacco products

Deutsches Ärzteblatt international, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

The federal government of Germany is planning to liberalize the recreational cannabis market for adults. We aimed collect key baseline data on frequency use, routes administration, and co-use inhaled nicotine or tobacco products in population.

Language: Английский

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Does acute cannabidiol (CBD) use impair performance? A meta-analysis and comparison with placebo and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(9), P. 1425 - 1436

Published: March 25, 2024

Cannabidiol (CBD) is widely used and believed to be non-intoxicating, lacking acute performance effects (e.g., non-impairing). However, a synthesis of data has not evaluated this. This meta-analysis synthesized from controlled human laboratory studies that if CBD use impairs performance. Performance on objective subjective measures cognitive psychomotor function were as markers for potential changes impairment. Studies identified through systematic database searches. Adult clinical trials measuring (within 0-8 h administration) included. The primary outcome was the peak mean difference in between placebo. A secondary analysis utilizing delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) positive control comparison completed. Pooled Hedges' g estimates calculated using robust variance estimation (RVE) meta-regression. omnibus RVE indicated statistically significant, but small effect size (Hedge's < 0.2) impaired following consumption compared placebo (N = 16 trials, 0.122, 95% CI: 0.023-0.221, p 0.019). Measure type significant moderator with larger differences when measures, specifically self-reported sedation, versus tasks (Hedges'

Language: Английский

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Sex Differences in Response-Contingent Cannabis Vapor Administration During Adolescence Mediate Enduring Effects on Behavioral Flexibility and Prefrontal Microglia Activation in Rats

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. e1184 - e1196

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Cannabis is the most used illicit drug in United States. With many states passing legislation to permit its recreational use, there concern that cannabis use among adolescents could increase dramatically coming years. Historically, it has been difficult model real-world investigate causal relationship between adolescence and behavioral neurobiological effects adulthood.

Language: Английский

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Understanding youth and young adult cannabis use in Canada post-legalization: a scoping review on a public health issue

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: June 17, 2024

Abstract Background Canada legalized recreational cannabis in 2018, and one of the primary objectives Cannabis Act was to protect youth by reducing their access providing public education. has highest prevalence use worldwide, particularly among young adults under age 25. is linked with many adverse effects for including psychosis, anxiety, depression, respiratory distress, cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, impaired cognitive performance. Despite high evolution policies globally, significant knowledge research gaps remain regarding adult use. The aim this scoping review map extent, nature, range evidence available on since its legalization, order strengthen policies, services, treatments, training, education strategies. Methods Using a framework developed Arksey O’Malley, along PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted rigorous search five academic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL Web Science Core Collection. We included empirical studies that collected data after legalization (October 2018) focused or < 30. Two reviewers independently screened articles two stages extracted relevant information from meeting inclusion criteria. Results Of 47 our criteria, 92% used quantitative methods, 6% were qualitative, 2% mixed-methods approach. Over two-thirds (68%) secondary data. These categorized into six focus areas: (1) prevalence, patterns, trends, (2) cannabis-related injuries emergency department (ED) visits, (3) rates patterns during pandemic, (4) perceptions use, (5) prevention tools, (6) offenses. Key findings reviewed include an increase 18-24-year-olds post-legalization, mixed results 18. ED visits intentional unintentional have increased children teens. Perception show mix concern normalization Though limited, are promising raising awareness. A decline offenses noted study. highlights several gaps, need more qualitative data, disaggregation demographic intervention research, comprehensive physical mental health impacts adults. Conclusion Maintaining approach critical, This involves implementing strategies minimize harms, enhancing education, minimizing commercialization, cannabis, promoting guidelines lower-risk harm reduction strategies, increasing training healthcare providers.

Language: Английский

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Development and Initial Validation of a Momentary Cannabis Craving Scale Within a Homogeneous Sample of U.S. Emerging Adults

Assessment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(1), P. 77 - 89

Published: March 21, 2024

Given the popularity and ease of single-item craving assessments, we developed a multi-item measure compared it to common assessments in an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) context. Two weeks EMA data were collected from 48 emerging adults (56.25% female, 85.42% White) who frequently used cannabis. Eight items administered, multilevel factor analyses identify best fitting model. The resulting scale’s factors represented purposefulness/general desire emotionality/negative affect craving. Convergent validity was examined using measures craving, cannabis use disorder symptoms, frequency use, cue reactivity, negative affect, impulsivity. scale associated with cue-reactivity impulsivity, subfactors existing measures. For researchers interested single item capture one performed particularly well. However, new may provide more nuanced mechanisms underlying

Language: Английский

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Sex Differences in Plasma, Adipose Tissue, and Central Accumulation of Cannabinoids, and Behavioral Effects of Oral Cannabis Consumption in Male and Female C57BL/6 Mice

The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(11), P. 773 - 783

Published: Sept. 16, 2023

Cannabis edibles are an increasingly popular form of cannabis consumption. Oral consumption has distinct physiological and behavioral effects compared with injection or inhalation. An animal model is needed to understand the pharmacokinetics oral in rodents as a for human edible use.Adult male female C57BL/6 mice received single dose commercially available oil (5 mg/kg Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) by gavage. At 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6 hours post exposure, plasma, hippocampus, adipose tissue were collected THC, 11-OH-THC, THC-COOH measures.We report delayed time peak THC 11-OH-THC concentrations brain, tissue, which consistent studies. We also found sex differences tetrad: (1) had hypothermic effect consumption, was not present males; (2) females stronger catalepsy than (3) males less mobile following whereas showed no difference locomotion but anxiogenic at 3 exposure; (4) displayed longer-lasting antinociceptive cannabis.Oral translationally relevant administration that produces similar vaping thus should be considered viable approach examining moving forward. Furthermore, given strong metabolism cannabis, these factors carefully when designing studies on cannabis.

Language: Английский

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Influence of solvent, sex, and age on pharmacokinetic and acute behavioral effects of vaporized cannabis extract in mice

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Abstract The legalization of cannabis in several states across the US has increased need to better understand its effects on body, brain, and behavior, particularly different populations. Rodent models are valuable this respect because they provide precise control over external variables. Previous rodent studies have found age sex differences response injected Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), major psychoactive component cannabis. However, route administration does not mimic most common way humans consume cannabis, i.e. through inhalation. Here, we sought address gap by investigating pharmacokinetics acute behavioral vaporized extract mice. Adolescent (postnatal day [P] 35-50) adult (≥ P70) mice both sexes received noncontingent exposure 0 mg/ml, 150 or 300 mg/ml diluted either 80% propylene glycol/20% vegetable glycerol (PG/VG) 100% polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG). Immediately after exposure, body temperature, hot plate withdrawal latency, locomotion were assessed. Blood was collected at 0, 30, 60 min vapor plasma THC metabolites analyzed. Measured levels higher vapor-exposed solutions themselves when PEG solvent compared PG/VG. Vaporized (dissolved PEG) highest dose tested induced hypothermic, antinociceptive, locomotor-suppressing all groups We a dose-dependent difference locomotion, indicating that adolescents less sensitive which may be related achieved. Although no significant there female metabolize more slowly than male Taken together, current findings add growing number implementing cannabinoid delivery approaches revealing as superior for involving extract.

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of cannabis consumption methods among people with medically recommended and nonmedical cannabis use in the United States

Addiction, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Abstract Aims Some cannabis consumption methods (e.g. smoking, vaping, dabbing) are associated with more harms than others sublingual, transdermal). We aimed to examine differences in prevalence of by people medically recommended‐only vs. nonmedical‐only use. Design and setting Cross‐sectional, US nationally representative data from the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use Health (NSDUH). Participants 14 271 NSDUH participants aged ≥12 past‐year Measurements asked respondents use about their [i.e. eating or drinking, dabbing (consuming a concentrated form dab rig/pen), oral/sublingual, transdermal taking pills] if healthcare professionals recommended any If ‘no’, were classified as having ‘ use’. ‘yes’, they all was and, so, use’; otherwise, medical nonmedical Findings Among reporting use, 10.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.7%–11.7%] reported 83.0% (95% CI 81.7%–84.3%) Smoking predominant method for (79.2%, 95% 77.7%–80.7%) (73.7%, 68.8%–78.2%). Vaping (45.6%, 40.9%–50.4%) eating/drinking (45.7%, 40.7%–50.7%) similar among 1.3 times higher [adjusted ratio (APR) 1.3, 1.2–1.4] (38.3%, 32.7%–44.3%). Dabbing 1.5 (APR 1.5, 1.3–1.7) [24.4% 20.5%–28.8%) vs 16.4% 15.3%–17.7%)]. Higher oral/sublingual Conclusions US, three‐fourths smoking almost half vaping cannabis. Cannabis 1.3–1.5 higher, respectively,

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Cannabis on Mind-Wandering

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e42911 - e42911

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Multi-Modal Cannabis Use Among U.S. Young Adults: Findings from the 2022 and 2023 BRFSS in 23 States

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 495 - 495

Published: March 26, 2025

Cannabis use among young adults in the U.S. has nearly doubled recent years, driven by diverse methods of consumption and evolving cannabis legalization. Multi-modal is an emerging public health issue that remains underexplored. This study examines prevalence, patterns, predictors multi-modal use, defined as two or more administration (e.g., smoking, vaping, edibles, dabbing, other forms) past month, aged 18–34 years. Data from 2022–2023 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) across 23 states (n = 7635; weighted n 7,482,134) show 57% reporting current engaged with dual- triple-mode being most common. Factors associated higher odds include sexual minority status, poor physical health, frequent co-use electronic cigarettes alcohol. Recreational legalization (RCL) significantly linked to use. These findings underscore interplay between individual risk factors policy environments shaping behaviors. To mitigate potential harms, targeted prevention strategies should prioritize at for addressing both personal policy-related influencing

Language: Английский

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