Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Nov. 5, 2024
Wheat
(Triticum
aestivum
L.)
is
a
staple
crop
of
immense
economic
importance,
especially
in
the
agronomic
context
Dera
Ismail
Khan,
Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa
(KPK),
Pakistan.
Understanding
effects
various
practices,
such
as
priming
techniques,
sowing
methods,
and
seed
rates,
on
wheat
yield
growth
crucial
for
optimizing
production
ensuring
regional
food
security.
To
study
techniques
combination
with
rates
short
(Israr
Shaheed)
long
(Gomal)
duration,
three
experiments
were
conducted
at
research
site
Gomal
University,
Pakistan,
varieties.
In
first
experiment,
used.
Among
different
used
Farmyard
manure
produced
tallest
plants
111.3
125.3
cm,
maximum
number
tillers
(335.7
345.0
m-2),
longest
spikes
(8.6
7.6
cm),
spikelets
(27.2
31.0
spike-1),
grains
(45.5
48.7
grain
(4.4
4.6
t
ha-1)
harvest
index
(38.7
41.5%)
respectively
Israr
Shaheed
Gomal.
Conversely,
compost
heavier
than
other
interactions
(49.2
42.3
g)
while
sodium
chloride
showed
biological
(12.4
11.8
correspondingly.
2nd
methods
tested
two
varieties
Dry
followed
by
flooding
measuring
(105.5
101.7
(398.2
406.7
(8.3
7.2
(29.8
35.5
(54.3
51.6
spike-1)
(4.3
1000-grain
weights
(45.3
45.0
sprouted
seeding
flooded
fields
respectively.
The
highest
(13.6
was
dry
field
(33.5
33.9%)
recorded
soaked
last
studied.
results
that
grown
rate
150
kg
ha-1
111.0
111.7
(411.6
408.2
(7.8
7.7
(34.3
34.3
(50.8
47.2
(4.6
4.5
(38.4
36.7%)
1000-grains
weight
(g)
found
200
250
Goma-8,
giving
45.2
g
175
Conclusively,
indicated
attributes
enhanced
up
to
when
interacted
farmyard
along
flooding.
Future
should
explore
integration
advanced
irrigation
nutrient
management
practices
further
enhance
productivity
Khan
region.
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
211(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
An
exploratory
investigation
into
the
effects
of
unmanned
aerial
vehicle
(UAV)
airflow
on
microclimate
engineering
in
rice
cultivation
reveals
novel
insights,
with
a
specific
emphasis
wind
temperature
and
velocity
dynamics
during
critical
growth
stages.
This
research
highlights
diurnal
fluctuations
speed
stages
(heading,
panicle
flowering).
‘Results
revealed
that
wall
running
or
UAV
flying
morning
(9:00
am)
produces
stable
29.31°C
(σ
=
0.26017)
supported
pollination
heading
stage’.
However,
by
noon,
increased
variability
caused
slight
drop
to
29.11°C
0.26749),
raising
risk
heat
stress.
Afternoon
temperatures
remained
steady
at
29.18°C
but
exhibited
highest
0.27663),
signalling
potential
disruptions
could
reduce
grain
yield.
‘Wind‐speeds
followed
clear
pattern,
rising
33.33%
from
(1.2
m
s
−1
)
noon
(1.6
dropping
37.5%
afternoon’.
‘This
emphasizes
importance
precise
operation
timing,
aligning
rotor
schedules
natural
achieve
an
18.2%
increase
crop
yield
25.8%
reduction
thermal
stress’.
Microclimate
mapping
significant
speed,
particularly
around
afternoon,
posing
risks
mechanical
During
stage,
0.86%
(29.15°C)
(29.45°C),
while
wind‐speeds
peaked
2.0–2.5
,
100%–150%
rise
levels.
While
this
improved
air
circulation,
it
also
introduced
stress
periods.
leaf
shape
index
(LSI)
minor
(3.27–3.29),
LSI
rose
44%
(2.08)
(3.01),
then
dropped
31%
afternoon
(2.06).
At
flowering
3.01–3.02.
Leaf
number
plant
6.5%
length
grew
16%
highlighting
positive
impact
microclimate‐engineering
growth.
water
content
surged
65%
(0.40)
(0.66).
Specific
Area
(SLA)
was
most
sensitive
peaking
211.13
cm
2
g
81.4%
increase.
significantly
improves
microclimatic
conditions
stages,
benefiting
Further
is
needed
explore
optimal
applications
understand
interactions
between
airflow,
varieties
environmental
factors.
As
typical
new
pollutants,
galaxolide
(HHCB)
and
polystyrene
microplastics
(PSMPs)
both
have
been
reported
to
pose
a
threat
organisms
even
ecosystems
by
being
introduced
into
the
environment
for
long
periods
at
low
doses.
At
present,
most
of
existing
studies
focus
on
ecotoxicological
effects
these
but
there
are
few
tolerance
mechanisms
plants
them.
In
this
study,
Mirabilis
jalapa
L.
(M.
jalapa)
as
an
ornamental
material
was
applied
study
HHCB
PSMP
plant.
The
results
showed
characteristics
M.
stress,
including
promoted
growth,
photosynthesis
antioxidant
enzyme
systems,
nutrient
element
absorption
microbial
regulation.
Especially,
according
metabolic
transcriptomic
analysis,
6
co-annotated
KEGG
pathways,
some
key
genes
metabolites
were
revealed
clarify
that
can
resist
stress
PSMPs
its
outstanding
adaptive
growth
energy
supply
pollutant
defense
strategy.
data
provide
theoretical
support
application
phytoremediation
or/and
pollution.
Crop and Pasture Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
76(2)
Published: Jan. 29, 2025
Context
Salinity
is
one
of
the
major
abiotic
stresses
challenging
alfalfa
(Medicago
sativa)
production.
Aims
In
this
study,
we
evaluated
potential
nano-sized
chitosan-proline
(NsCP)
seed
priming
and
biochar
application
to
enhance
salt
tolerance
in
alfalfa.
Methods
Seeds
two
genotypes
(OMA-84,
salt-sensitive;
OMA-285,
salt-tolerant)
were
soaked
for
18
h
aerated
distilled
water
(hydropriming)
or
a
solution
NsCP
(100
mM)
priming.
then
planted
plastic
pots
containing
acid-washed
pure
sand
supplemented
with
without
(25
g
kg−1
sand)
stress
(120
mM).
Key
results
Both
showed
significant
reduction
root
shoot
growth,
biomass
production,
carbon
assimilation
under
salinity
stress,
more
pronounced
effects
on
OMA-84.
However,
applying
both
significantly
improved
production
plant
photosynthetic
assessment
traits.
Notably,
combined
approach
proved
effective
enhancing
than
individual
treatments.
Biochar
amendment
increased
Na+
Cl−
concentration
but
it
also
contributed
by
elevating
K+
level,
promoting
proline
accumulation,
antioxidant
activities.
Conclusions
enhanced
facilitating
osmotic
adjustment
(proline
accumulation),
maintaining
ionic
homeostasis
(higher
lower
concentration),
increasing
levels
α-tocopherol,
flavonoids,
activities
enzymes.
Implications
Integrated
alfalfa,
demonstrating
practical
strategies
sustainable
agriculture
saline
environments
homeostasis,
adjustment,
defence
mechanisms.
