Persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection: significance and implications

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. e453 - e462

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

SARS-CoV-2 causes persistent infections in a subset of individuals, which is major clinical and public health problem that should be prioritised for further investigation several reasons. First, infection often goes unrecognised, therefore might affect substantial number people, particularly immunocompromised individuals. Second, the formation tissue reservoirs (including non-respiratory tissues) underlie pathophysiology require new strategies diagnosis treatment. Finally, replication, setting suboptimal immune responses, possible source new, divergent virus variants escape pre-existing immunity on individual population levels. Defining optimal diagnostic treatment patients with replication monitoring viral evolution are urgent medical priorities.

Language: Английский

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Perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 Cases in Zoological Institutions

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 78 - 78

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in a zoological institution were initially reported March 2020. Since then, at least 94 peer-reviewed cases have been zoos worldwide. Among the affected animals, nonhuman primates, carnivores, and artiodactyls appear to be most susceptible infection, with Felidae family accounting for largest number of cases. Clinical symptoms tend mild across taxa; although, certain species exhibit increased susceptibility disease. A variety diagnostic tools are available, allowing initial diagnostics monitoring infectious risk. Whilst supportive therapy proves sufficient cases, monoclonal antibody has emerged as promising additional treatment option. Effective transmission SARS-CoV-2 some raises concerns over potential spillover formation reservoirs. The occurrence animal may contribute emergence variants concern due altered viral evolutionary constraints. Consequently, this review emphasizes need effective biosecurity measures surveillance strategies prevent control institutions.

Language: Английский

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Identification of SARS-CoV-2 in urban rodents from Southern Mexico City at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 66

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Currently, there are some concerns about the situation and, in particular, future of COVID-19 pandemic and new emerging variants SARS-CoV-2. Rodents an example synanthropic animals urban environments that harbor important zoonoses. Although molecular identification SARS-CoV-2 Rattus norvegicus from New York City had been reported, other studies, wild rodents infected with this virus have not found. This study aimed to molecularly identify presence Mexico City, trapped along a water channel public park as part pest control program, at beginning pandemic, during fall winter 2020. Up 33 Mus musculus 52 R. were captured euthanized, large intestine samples feces obtained. RNAs obtained subjected qRT-PCR for threshold cycle (Ct) values Four mice (12.1%) three rats (5.8%) positive, exhibited Ct<30. Our results on frequency line previous reports. Thus, similar authors, we suggest surveillance detection rodents, sentinel animals, should be maintained.

Language: Английский

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Tracking epidemic viruses in wastewaters

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Classical epidemiology relies on incidence, mortality rates, and clinical data from individual testing, which can be challenging for many countries. Therefore, innovative, flexible, cost-effective, scalable surveillance techniques are needed. Wastewater-based (WBE) has emerged as a highly powerful tool in this regard. WBE analyses substances excreted human fluids faeces that enter the sewer system. This approach provides insights into community health status lifestyle habits. serves an early warning system viral surveillance, detecting emergence of new pathogens, changes incidence identifying future trends, studying outbreaks, informing performance action plans. While long been used to study different viruses such poliovirus norovirus, its implementation surged due pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. led establishment wastewater programmes at international, national, levels, remain operational. Furthermore, is increasingly applied other including antibiotic resistance bacteria, parasites, fungi, emerging viruses, with methodologies being developed. Consequently, primary focus now creating international frameworks enhance states' preparedness against risks. However, there remains considerable work done, particularly integrating principles One Health epidemiological acknowledge interconnectedness humans, animals, environment pathogen transmission. Thus, broader analysing three pillars must developed, transitioning environmental establishing routine practice public health.

Language: Английский

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Beyond the virus: ecotoxicological and reproductive impacts of SARS-CoV-2 lysate protein in C57Bl/6j female mice

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Lower Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Host Cell Entry Genes in the Intestinal Mucosa of IBD Patients With Quiescent or Mildly Active Disease

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 25, 2025

Abstract Background Long-term immunosuppressive therapy typically increases the risk of viral infection, yet during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients showed reduced 2019 (COVID-19) susceptibility. This suggests potential overlapping molecular mechanisms between IBD and COVID-19 that warrant investigation. Methods From April 2020 to 2022, we enrolled 363 146 healthy donors. Serum samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunoadsorption assay determine presence anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies measure concentrations host-soluble factors sACE2 mannose-binding lectin (MBL), which have SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity. Furthermore, colonic mucosa biopsies real-time PCR confirm upregulation MBL2 as well assess expression genes encoding entry molecules (ie, ACE2, TMPRSS2, TMPRSS4, ADAM17, AGTR1). Results Intestinal TMPRSS4 was significantly lower in than individuals, regardless type medication, while ADAM17 AGT1R similar across groups. levels changed minimally, whereas circulating MBL higher CD somewhat elevated UC versus controls. Parallel trends gene observed patients’ intestinal mucosa. Conclusions Overall, our study indicates basal decreased receptor ACE2 host cell priming proteases TMPRSS2 both may reduce risk, underscoring protective role these biomarkers populations against infection.

Language: Английский

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Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 variants in wastewater of Dhaka City, Bangladesh: approach to complement public health surveillance systems

Human Genomics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: July 7, 2023

Wastewater-based epidemiological surveillance has been considered a powerful tool for early detection and monitoring of the dynamics SARS-CoV-2 its lineages circulating in community. This study is aimed to investigate complexity infection Dhaka city by examining genetic variants wastewater. Also, seeks determine connection between variations detected clinical testing those found wastewater samples.Out 504 samples tested RT-qPCR, 185 (36.7%) positive viral RNA. The median log10 concentration N gene copies/Liter (gc/L) was 5.2, ORF1ab 4.9. To further reveal diversity SARS-CoV-2, ten with real-time RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values ranging from 28.78 32.13 were subjected whole genome sequencing using nanopore technology. According clade classification, sequences grouped into 4 clades: 20A, 20B, 21A, 21J, Pango lineage, B.1, B.1.1, B.1.1.25, B.1.617.2, coverage 94.2 99.8%. Of them, 70% belonged followed 10% 21J. Lineage B.1.1.25 predominant Bangladesh phylogenetically related India, USA, Canada, UK, Italy. Delta variant (B.1.617.2) first identified at beginning May 2021. In contrast, we that it community September 2020.Environmental useful temporal spatial trends existing emerging infectious diseases supports evidence-based public health measures. findings this supported use wastewater-based epidemiology provided baseline data environment Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Language: Английский

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Variations in the persistence of 5′-end genomic and subgenomic SARS-CoV-2 RNAs in wastewater from aircraft, airports and wastewater treatment plants

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(9), P. e29703 - e29703

Published: April 16, 2024

Wastewater sequencing has become a powerful supplement to clinical testing in monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infections the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. While its applications measuring viral burden and main circulating lineages community have proved their efficacy, variations quality coverage across different regions of genome are not well understood. Furthermore, it is unclear how sample origins, extraction concentration methods environmental factors impact reads sequenced from wastewater. Using high-coverage, amplicon-based, paired-end read RNA extracted wastewater collected directly aircraft, pooled aircraft airport buildings or regular plants, we assessed groups with focus on 5'-end region covering leader sequence investigated whether was possible detect subgenomic material recovered We identified distinct patterns persistence genomic types wastewaters existence chimeric mapping non-amplified regions. Our findings suggest that preservation ability reads, though highly susceptible environment processing conditions, may be indicative amount present

Language: Английский

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COVID‐19 in a common woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha): First evidence of fatal outcome in a nonhuman primate after natural SARS‐CoV‐2 infection

American Journal of Primatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 86(8)

Published: June 23, 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic the World Health Organization in March 2020. Since then, viral spread from humans to animals has occurred worldwide. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) have been found be susceptible reverse-zoonosis transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but initial research suggested that platyrrhine are less than catarrhine primates. Here we report natural SARS-CoV-2 infection common woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagothricha) wildlife rehabilitation center Ecuador. The course disease, eventual death specimen, and pathological findings described. Our results show susceptibility new species provide evidence for first time COVID-19-associated naturally infected NHP. putative route humans, implications captive NHPs management, also discussed. Given monkeys at risk extinction Ecuador, further understanding potential threat their health should conservation priority. A One approach is best way protect virus same would human population.

Language: Английский

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Vertical transmission of infectious aerosols through building toilet drainage system: An experimental study

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 343, P. 123284 - 123284

Published: Dec. 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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