The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1877 - 2013

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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Human placenta has no microbiome but can contain potential pathogens

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 572(7769), P. 329 - 334

Published: July 31, 2019

Language: Английский

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The human virome: assembly, composition and host interactions

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. 514 - 527

Published: March 30, 2021

Language: Английский

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The Not-so-Sterile Womb: Evidence That the Human Fetus Is Exposed to Bacteria Prior to Birth

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 4, 2019

The human microbiome includes trillions of bacteria, many which play a vital role in host physiology. Numerous studies have now detected bacterial DNA first-pass meconium and amniotic fluid samples, suggesting that the may commence utero. However, these data remained contentious due to underlying contamination issues. Here, we used previously described method for reducing workflows determine if there is fetal beyond level background contamination. We recruited 50 women undergoing non-emergency cesarean section deliveries with no evidence intra-uterine infection collected samples. Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using PacBio SMRT cell technology, allow high resolution profiling gut microbiomes. Levels inflammatory cytokines were measured fluid, levels immunomodulatory short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) quantified meconium. All samples most (36/43) contained DNA. dominated by reads mapped Pelomonas puraquae. Aside from this species, remarkably heterogeneous between patients. more diverse mainly typical skin commensals, including Propionibacterium acnes Staphylococcus spp. acetate propionate, at ratios similar those reported infants. P. puraquae inversely correlated propionate levels. Amniotic cytokine associated microbiome. Our results demonstrate SCFAs are present utero, potential influence developing immune system.

Language: Английский

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The stepwise assembly of the neonatal virome is modulated by breastfeeding

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 581(7809), P. 470 - 474

Published: April 15, 2020

Language: Английский

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Questioning the fetal microbiome illustrates pitfalls of low-biomass microbial studies

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 613(7945), P. 639 - 649

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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The composition of the perinatal intestinal microbiota in cattle

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: July 5, 2018

Abstract Recent research suggests that the microbial colonization of mammalian intestine may begin before birth, but observations are controversial due to challenges in reliable sampling and analysis low-abundance microbiota. We studied perinatal microbiota calves by them immediately at birth during first postnatal week. The large size bovine newborns allows directly from rectum using contamination-shielded swabs. Our 16S rDNA data, purged potential contaminant sequences shared with negative controls, indicates existence a diverse newborn rectal meconium mucosa. was composed Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria Bacteroidetes. profile resembled dam oral rather than fecal or vaginal vestibular microbiota, included typical intestinal taxa. During day, invaded Escherichia/Shigella Clostridia , diversity collapsed. By 7 days, again increasing. In terms relative abundance, Proteobacteria were replaced Bacteroidetes Actinobacteria, including Faecalibacterium Bacteroides Lactobacillus Butyricicoccus Bifidobacterium . suggest mammals seeded changes rapidly early life.

Language: Английский

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Maternal-fetal immune responses in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

Pregnant women represent a high-risk population for severe/critical COVID-19 and mortality. However, the maternal-fetal immune responses initiated by SARS-CoV-2 infection, whether this virus is detectable in placenta, are still under investigation. Here we show that infection during pregnancy primarily induces unique inflammatory at interface, which largely governed maternal T cells fetal stromal cells. also associated with humoral cellular blood, as well mild cytokine response neonatal circulation (i.e., umbilical cord blood), without compromising T-cell repertoire or initiating IgM responses. Importantly, not detected placental tissues, nor sterility of placenta compromised viral infection. This study provides insight into triggered emphasizes rarity

Language: Английский

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Does the endometrial cavity have a molecular microbial signature?

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 9, 2019

Recent molecular studies concluded that the endometrium has a resident microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus spp. and is therefore similar to of vagina. These findings were largely derived from endometrial samples obtained through transcervical catheter thus prone contamination. Herein, we investigated microbial profiles mid-endometrial hysterectomy compared them with those cervix, vagina, rectum, oral cavity, controls for background DNA Microbial examined 16S rRNA gene qPCR sequencing. Universal bacterial total rDNA revealed load exceeding in 60% (15/25) study subjects. Bacterial differed controls, but not cervix. The cervix Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Cloacibacterium, Comamonadaceae. Both sequencing species-specific (L. iners & L crispatus) showed was rare endometrium. In conclusion, if there middle endometrium, it as previously concluded, yet further investigation using culture microscopy necessary.

Language: Английский

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Fetal exposure to the maternal microbiota in humans and mice

JCI Insight, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 4(19)

Published: Sept. 3, 2019

Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of microbial DNA in fetal environment. However, it remains unclear whether this represents viable bacteria and how relates to maternal microbiota across body sites. We studied human mouse dyads understand these relationships, localize fetus, demonstrate bacterial viability. In preterm full-term mother-infant at time cesarean delivery, oral cavity meconium newborn infants born as early 24 weeks gestation contained a that was predicted originate from utero sources, including placenta. Using operative deliveries pregnant mice under highly controlled, sterile conditions laboratory, composition, visualization, viability compartment intestine were by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, fluorescence situ hybridization, culture. The composition source gut shifted between mid- late gestation. Cultivatable found during mid-gestation but not Our results dynamic, mammalian development.

Language: Английский

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