SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. 277 - 282

Published: March 18, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Tropism of SARS-CoV-2 for human cortical astrocytes

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(30)

Published: July 12, 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) readily infects a variety of cell types impacting the function vital organ systems, with particularly impact on function. Neurological symptoms, which range in severity, accompany as many one-third COVID-19 cases, indicating potential vulnerability neural types. To assess whether human cortical cells can be directly infected by SARS-CoV-2, we utilized stem-cell-derived organoids well primary tissue, both from developmental and adult stages. We find significant predominant infection astrocytes tissue organoid cultures, minimal other populations. Infected bystander have corresponding increase inflammatory gene expression, reactivity characteristics, increased cytokine growth factor signaling, cellular stress. Although cells, astrocytes, no observable ACE2 high levels coreceptors including CD147 DPP4. Decreasing coreceptor abundance activity reduces overall rate, increasing expression is sufficient to promote infection. Thus, tropism SARS-CoV-2 for resulting gliosis-type injury that dependent coreceptors.

Language: Английский

---

COVID-19 in pregnancy: implications for fetal brain development

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 319 - 330

Published: Feb. 14, 2022

The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy on the developing fetal brain is poorly understood. Other antenatal infections such as influenza have been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. Although vertical transmission has rarely observed SARS-CoV-2 to date, given potential for profound maternal immune activation (MIA), likely. Here we review evidence that and other viral can result maternal, placental, activation, ultimately offspring morbidity. Finally, highlight need cellular models development better understand short- long-term impacts next generation.

Language: Английский

---

Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 5487 - 5487

Published: March 13, 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental (NDD) characterized by impairments in social communication, repetitive behaviors, restricted interests, and hyperesthesia/hypesthesia caused genetic and/or environmental factors. In recent years, inflammation oxidative stress have been implicated the pathogenesis of ASD. this review, we discuss pathophysiology ASD, particularly focusing on maternal immune activation (MIA). MIA one common risk factors for onset ASD during pregnancy. It induces an reaction pregnant mother’s body, resulting further placenta fetal brain. These negative cause developing brain subsequently behavioral symptoms offspring. addition, also effects anti-inflammatory drugs antioxidants basic studies animals clinical Our review provides latest findings new insights into involvements

Language: Английский

---

Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 175 - 175

Published: Jan. 7, 2023

The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease death. Understanding the risk factors is relevant both in setting at epidemiological level. Here, we provide an overview host, viral environmental that have been shown or (in some cases) hypothesized be associated with outcomes. considered detail include age frailty, genetic polymorphisms, biological sex (and pregnancy), co- superinfections, non-communicable comorbidities, immunological history, microbiota, lifestyle patient; variation infecting dose; socioeconomic factors; air pollution. For each category, compile (sometimes conflicting) evidence for association factor outcomes (including strength effect) outline possible action mechanisms. We also discuss complex interactions between various factors.

Language: Английский

---

Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of COVID-19: The PAN-COVID study

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 276, P. 161 - 167

Published: July 19, 2022

To assess perinatal outcomes for pregnancies affected by suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.Prospective, web-based registry. Pregnant women were invited to participate if they had infection between 1st January 2020 and 31st March 2021 the impact of on maternal including miscarriage, stillbirth, fetal growth restriction, pre-term birth transmission infant.Between April 2021, study recruited 8239 participants who SARs-CoV-2 episodes in pregnancy 2021. Maternal death 14/8197 (0.2%) participants, 176/8187 (2.2%) required ventilatory support. Pre-eclampsia 389/8189 (4.8%) eclampsia was reported 40/ 8024 (0.5%) all participants. Stillbirth 35/8187 (0.4 %) In delivering within 2 weeks delivery 21/2686 (0.8 stillbirth compared with 8/4596 (0.2 ≥ after (95 % CI 0.3-1.0). SGA 744/7696 (9.3 livebirths, FGR 360/8175 (4.4 pregnancies. Pre-term occurred 922/8066 (11.5%), majority these indicated births, 220/7987 (2.8%) experienced spontaneous births. Early neonatal deaths 11/8050 livebirths. Of neonates, 80/7993 (1.0%) tested positive SARS-CoV-2.Infection associated birth, most commonly compromise. The overall proportions not higher than expected, however there proportion significantly those infection. We suggest that clinicians' threshold should be low are concerns movements heart rate monitoring time around pre-eclampsia amongst would although we report a expected eclampsia. There appears no effect birthweight congenital malformations is uncommon. This reflects population range severity SARS-COV-2 pregnancy, generalisable whole obstetric populations.

Language: Английский

---

Monocytes and macrophages in pregnancy: The good, the bad, and the ugly*

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 308(1), P. 77 - 92

Published: April 21, 2022

A successful human pregnancy requires precisely timed adaptations by the maternal immune system to support fetal growth while simultaneously protecting mother and fetus against microbial challenges. The first trimester of is characterized a robust increase in innate activity that promotes implantation blastocyst placental development. Moreover, early also state increased vulnerability vertically transmitted pathogens notably, immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Zika (ZIKV), SARS-CoV-2, Listeria monocytogenes. As gestation progresses, second marked establishment an immunosuppressive environment tolerance preventing preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, other gestational complications. Finally, period leading up labor parturition reinstatement inflammatory milieu triggering childbirth. These dynamic waves carefully orchestrated changes have been dubbed "immune clock pregnancy." Monocytes circulation tissue-resident macrophages at maternal-fetal interface play critical role this delicate balance. This review will summarize current data describing longitudinal phenotype function monocyte macrophage populations healthy complicated pregnancies.

Language: Английский

---

Mechanisms of immune regulation by the placenta: Role of type I interferon and interferon‐stimulated genes signaling during pregnancy*

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 308(1), P. 9 - 24

Published: March 20, 2022

Abstract Pregnancy is a unique condition where the maternal immune system continuously adapting in response to stages of fetal development and signals from environment. The placenta key mediator fetal/maternal interaction by providing that regulate function as well provides protective mechanisms prevent exposure fetus dangerous signals. Bacterial and/or viral infection during pregnancy induce immunological placenta, type I interferon one crucial signaling pathways trophoblast cells. Basal expression interferon‐β downstream ISGs harbors physiological functions maintain homeostasis pregnancy, more importantly, with adequate awareness respond infections. disruption will lead complications can compromise development. In this review, we focus important role placenta‐derived its regulation protection against infection. These studies are helping us better understand placental provide new perspective for developing approaches protect mother

Language: Английский

---

Single-cell RNA-seq methods to interrogate virus-host interactions

Seminars in Immunopathology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 71 - 89

Published: Nov. 21, 2022

The twenty-first century has seen the emergence of many epidemic and pandemic viruses, with most recent being SARS-CoV-2-driven COVID-19 pandemic. As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses rely on host cells to replicate produce progeny, resulting in complex virus dynamics during an infection. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), by enabling broad simultaneous profiling both transcripts, represents a powerful technology unravel delicate balance between virus. In this review, we summarize technological methodological advances scRNA-seq their applications antiviral immunity. We highlight key that have enabled understanding viral genomic response heterogeneity, differential responses infected versus bystander cells, intercellular communication networks. expect further development technologies analytical methods, combined measurements additional multi-omic modalities increased availability publicly accessible datasets, enable better pathogenesis enhance therapeutics strategies.

Language: Английский

---

Maternal immune activation and role of placenta in the prenatal programming of neurodevelopmental disorders

Neuronal Signaling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(2)

Published: May 17, 2023

Maternal infection during pregnancy, leading to maternal immune activation (mIA) and cytokine release, increases the offspring risk of developing a variety neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including schizophrenia. Animal models have provided evidence support these mechanistic links, with placental inflammatory responses dysregulation function implicated. This leads changes in fetal brain balance altered epigenetic regulation key pathways. The prenatal timing such mIA-evoked changes, accompanying developmental an

Language: Английский

---