Biology Methods and Protocols,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Abstract
Severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
infection
presents
complications
known
as
long
COVID,
a
multisystemic
organ
disease
which
allows
multidimensional
analysis.
This
study
aims
to
uncover
clusters
of
COVID
cases
and
establish
their
correlation
with
the
clinical
classification
developed
at
Clinical
Research
Unit
Brugmann
University
Hospital,
Brussels.
Such
an
endeavour
is
instrumental
in
customizing
patient
management
strategies
tailored
unique
needs
each
distinct
group.
A
two-stage
exploratory
analysis
was
performed
on
retrospective
cohort
205
patients,
involving
factorial
mixed
data,
then
hierarchical
clustering
post
component
The
study's
sample
comprised
76%
women,
average
age
44.5
years.
Three
forms
were
identified:
long,
persistent,
post-viral
syndrome.
Multidimensional
using
demographic,
clinical,
biological
variables
identified
three
patients.
Biological
data
did
not
provide
sufficient
differentiation
between
clusters.
emphasizes
importance
identifying
or
classifying
patients
according
predominant
Long
phenotypes,
well
forms,
appear
be
associated
pathophysiological
mechanisms
genetic
predispositions.
underscores
need
for
further
research.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: April 22, 2024
Abstract
Nitrosative
stress
promotes
protein
glycoxidation,
and
both
processes
can
occur
during
an
infection
with
the
SARS-CoV-2
virus.
Therefore,
aim
of
this
study
was
to
assess
selected
nitrosative
parameters
glycoxidation
products
in
COVID-19
patients
convalescents
relative
healthy
subjects,
including
reference
severity
symptoms.
The
diagnostic
utility
biomarkers
also
evaluated
patients.
involved
218
COVID-19,
69
convalescents,
48
subjects.
(NO,
S-nitrosothiols,
nitrotyrosine)
(tryptophan,
kynurenine,
N-formylkynurenine,
dityrosine,
AGEs)
were
measured
blood
plasma
or
serum
use
colorimetric/fluorometric
methods.
levels
NO
(
p
=
0.0480),
S-nitrosothiols
0.0004),
nitrotyrosine
0.0175),
kynurenine
<
0.0001),
N-formylkynurenine
dityrosine
AGEs
0.0001)
significantly
higher,
whereas
tryptophan
fluorescence
lower
than
control
group.
Significant
differences
analyzed
observed
different
stages
COVID-19.
In
turn,
concentrations
controls.
ROC
analysis
revealed
that
be
useful
for
diagnosing
infections
virus
because
they
differentiate
(KN:
sensitivity—91.20%,
specificity—92.00%;
NFK:
sensitivity—92.37%,
AGEs:
sensitivity—99,02%,
specificity—100%)
sensitivity—82.22%,
specificity—84.00%;
sensitivity—82,86%,
specificity—86,00%;
DT:
sensitivity—100%,
specificity—100%;
AGE:
from
subjects
high
sensitivity
specificity.
are
intensified
after
redox
fluctuate
disease.
Circulating
stress/protein
have
potential
convalescents.
Journal of Medical Virology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
96(8)
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
Inflammation
and
autoimmune
responses
contribute
to
the
pathophysiology
of
Long
COVID,
its
affective
chronic
fatigue
syndrome
symptoms,
labeled
"the
physio-affective
phenome."
To
investigate
whether
COVID
phenome
are
linked
autoimmunity
tight
junction
proteins,
zonulin
occludin
(ZOOC),
immune
reactivity
lipopolysaccharides
(LPS),
latter
associated
with
signs
human
herpes
virus-6
(HHV-6)
reactivation,
directed
against
oligodendrocyte
neuronal
including
myelin
basic
protein.
IgA/IgM/IgG
severe
acute
respiratory
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2),
HHV-6,
ZOOC,
C-reactive
protein
(CRP),
advanced
oxidation
products
(AOPPs),
were
measured
in
90
patients
healthy
controls.
The
was
conceptualized
as
a
factor
extracted
from
physical
symptom
domains.
Neural
network
identified
IgA
LPS
(IgA-LPS),
IgG-ZOOC,
IgG-LPS,
IgA-ZOOC
important
variables
diagnosis
an
area
under
ROC
curve
0.755.
Partial
Least
Squares
analysis
showed
that
40.9%
variance
explained
by
CRP,
IgA-myelin
(MBP),
IgG-MBP.
A
large
part
variances
both
MBP
(36.3%-39.7%)
(IgA
IgG)
ZOOC.
strongly
indicants
HHV-6
which
turn
increased
IgM-SARS-CoV-2.
Autoimmunity
components
junctions
bacterial
translocation
may
be
involved
COVID's
phenome.
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 8, 2024
Abstract
Background
Multiple
studies
have
shown
that
Long
COVID
(LC)
disease
is
associated
with
heightened
immune
activation,
as
evidenced
by
elevated
levels
of
inflammatory
mediators.
However,
there
no
comprehensive
meta-analysis
focusing
on
activation
the
response
system
(IRS)
and
compensatory
immunoregulatory
(CIRS)
along
other
phenotypes
in
LC
patients.
Objectives
This
designed
to
explore
IRS
CIRS
profiles
patients,
individual
cytokines,
chemokines,
growth
factors,
C-reactive
protein
(CRP)
immune-associated
neurotoxicity.
Methods
To
gather
relevant
for
our
research,
we
conducted
a
thorough
search
using
databases
such
PubMed,
Google
Scholar,
SciFinder,
covering
all
available
literature
up
December
20th,
2023.
Results
The
current
encompassed
82
examined
multiple
profiles,
protein,
58
cytokines/chemokines/growth
factors
3836
patients
versus
4537
normal
controls
(NC).
showed
significant
increases
IRS/CIRS
ratio
(standardized
mean
difference
(SMD:0.156,
confidence
interval
(CI):
0.051;0.261),
(SMD:
0.345,
CI:
0.222;0.468),
M1
macrophage
0.421,
0.290;0.551),
T
helper
(Th)1
0.353,
0.189;0.517),
Th17
0.492,
0.332;0.651)
neurotoxicity
0.327
0.205;0.448).
In
addition,
CRP
19
different
cytokines
displayed
significantly
compared
NC.
Conclusion
characterized
increased
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 14, 2024
Summary
Cognitive
deficits
from
dorsolateral
prefrontal
cortex
(dlPFC)
dysfunction
are
common
in
neuroinflammatory
disorders,
including
long-COVID,
schizophrenia
and
Alzheimer’s
disease,
have
been
correlated
with
kynurenine
inflammatory
signaling.
Kynurenine
is
further
metabolized
to
kynurenic
acid
(KYNA)
brain,
where
it
blocks
NMDA
α7-nicotinic
receptors
(nic-α7Rs).
These
essential
for
neurotransmission
dlPFC,
suggesting
that
KYNA
may
cause
higher
cognitive
these
disorders.
The
current
study
found
its
synthetic
enzyme,
KAT
II,
greatly
expanded
expression
primate
dlPFC
both
glia
neurons.
Local
application
of
onto
neurons
markedly
reduced
the
delay-related
firing
needed
working
memory
via
actions
at
nic-α7Rs,
while
inhibition
II
enhanced
neuronal
aged
macaques.
Systemic
administration
agents
reduce
production
similarly
improved
performance
monkeys,
a
therapeutic
avenue
treatment
Abstract
Background
Recent
studies
confirm
the
involvement
of
activated
immune-inflammatory
responses
and
increased
oxidative
nitrosative
stress
in
Long
COVID
(LC)
disease.
However,
influence
these
pathways
on
metabolism
tryptophan
(TRP)
through
TRP
catabolite
(TRYCAT)
pathway
their
mediating
effects
LC
pathophysiology,
has
not
been
fully
explored.
Objective
This
meta-analysis
investigates
peripheral
TRYCAT
levels
patients
with
Method
review
utilized
systematic
searches
PubMed,
Google
Scholar,
SciFinder,
including
14
full-text
articles
1,167
participants,
consisting
480
687
normal
controls.
Results
The
results
indicated
a
significant
increase
kynurenine
(KYN)/TRP
ratio,
large
effect
size
(standardized
mean
difference,
SMD
=
0.755;
confidence
intervals,
CI:
0.119;1.392),
compared
to
Additionally,
exhibited
decrease
(SMD
-0.520,
-0.793;
-0.246)
an
KYN
after
imputing
missing
1.176,
0.474;
1.877),
suggesting
activation
Indoleamine
2,3-dioxygenase
(IDO)
enzyme
upregulation
pathway.
No
elevation
TRYCAT-related
neurotoxicity,
kynurenic
acid
(KA)/KYN
3-hydroxykynurenine
(3-HK)/KYN
ratios
were
observed
Conclusion
current
findings
indicate
that
pathway,
characterized
by
decreased
maybe
elevated
levels,
plays
role
pathophysiology
LC.
