The mysterious anelloviruses: investigating its role in human diseases

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Abstract Anelloviruses (AVs) that infect the human population are members of Anelloviridae family. They widely distributed in populations worldwide. Torque teno virus (TTV) was first this family to be identified and is estimated found serum 80–90% population. Sometime after identification TTV, mini (TTMV) midi (TTMDV) were also classified Since identifying these viruses, have been detected various types biological fluids body, including blood urine, as well vital organs such liver kidney. can transmitted from person through transfusions, fecal-oral contact, possibly sexual intercourse. Recent studies on newly introduced viruses show although they not directly related disease, may indirectly involved initiating or exacerbating some population-related diseases viral infections. Among diseases, we mention cancers, immune system infections, hepatitis, AIDS. Also, likely use microRNAs (miRNAs) encode fulfill cooperative role. recent years, role proliferation their load, especially has highlighted indicate status immunocompromised people who undergo organ transplants. Here, review possible target humans highlight them important require further study. This provide new insights researchers.

Language: Английский

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The kinetics of Torque Teno virus plasma load following calcineurin inhibitor dose change in kidney transplant recipients

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Torque Teno virus (TTV) is nonpathogenic, highly prevalent, and reflects the immune status of its host. Thus, TTV plasma load was suggested for guidance immunosuppression post solid organ transplantation. The present study designed to determine kinetics following changes in calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) dose. A total 48 adult recipients a kidney graft transplanted at Medical University Vienna between 2018 2019 with isolated CNI dose were selected from prospective TTV-POET trial. quantified by in-house PCR. At Day 30 adaptation (median 33% daily dose) no noted. However, 60, reduction lower 6.4 log

Language: Английский

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Torque Teno Virus Load Is Associated With Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Stage and CD4+ Cell Count in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus but Seems Unrelated to AIDS-Defining Events and Human Pegivirus Load

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 230(2), P. e437 - e446

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Torque teno virus (TTV) is part of the human virome. TTV load was related to immune status in patients after organ transplantation. We hypothesize that could be an additional marker for function people living with HIV (PLWH).

Language: Английский

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Anellovirus species in the serum of acute febrile patients from Mato Grosso, central Western Brazil, 2019

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 25, 2025

Language: Английский

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Molecular characterization of chicken anemia virus and evaluation of maternally derived antibodies defense against commercially available vaccines

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 3, 2025

Abstract Background Chicken infectious anemia is a young chicken’s infection caused by single-strand DNA gyrovirus and marked aplastic anemia, lymphoid organs atrophy, immunosuppression, causing severe financial losses to the poultry production. The prevalence of chicken virus (CAV) in 25% Egyptian governorates (Dakahlia, Gharbia, Monufia, Ismailia, Sinai, Damietta, Al sharqiya) from 2021 2023 was investigated. protective efficacy maternally derived antibodies assessed one-day-old chicks against three CAV vaccines via different exposure routes (intramuscular, drinking water, or contact) mimic field strains. Results Out 98 flocks examined 2023, 32.65% tested positive for anemia. rate 25.92% broiler 40.91% unvaccinated breeder flocks. VP1 VP3 genes sequencing phylogenetic analysis four isolates revealed that strains (EGY-1, EGY-9, EGY-10) closely resemble most vaccinal In contrast, one strain (EGY-5) showed lineage with some Asian amino acid substitutions, including M70I (EGY-5, N78T (EGY-1 EGY-10), have been recorded, marking first recorded alterations these compared other isolates. an experiment simulating effects strains, (Cux-1, Del-Ros, 26P4) were administered either intramuscularly water 120 commercial (4882 mean antibody titers). However, did not provide complete protection vaccine viruses, resulting histopathological alterations, body weights, viability. Conclusion This research enhances understanding molecular characterization Egypt its implications future genetic evolution studies. Further studies are necessary determine maternal levels required CAV.

Language: Английский

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High-Density Lipoprotein Particles and Torque Teno Virus in Stable Outpatient Kidney Transplant Recipients

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 143 - 143

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Torque teno virus (TTV) is emerging as a potential marker for monitoring immune status. In transplant recipients who are immunosuppressed, higher TTV DNA loads observed than in healthy individuals. load measurement may aid optimizing immunosuppressive medication dosing solid organ recipients. Additionally, there growing interest the role of HDL particles function; therefore, assessment both concentrations and be The objective this study was to analyze parameters serum samples collected at least one year post-transplantation from 656 stable outpatient kidney (KTRs), enrolled TransplantLines Food Nutrition Cohort (Groningen, Netherlands). Plasma subfractions were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Serum quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Associations between examined univariable multivariable linear regression. median age 54.6 [IQR: 44.6 63.1] years, 43.3% female, mean eGFR 52.5 (±20.6) mL/min/1.73 m2 allograft vintage 5.4 2.0 12.0] years. A total 539 participants (82.2%) had detectable with 3.04 (±1.53) log10 copies/mL, particle concentration 19.7 (±3.4) μmol/L, size 9.1 (±0.5) nm. regression revealed negative association (st.β = −0.17, 95% CI st.β: −0.26 −0.09, p < 0.001). An effect modification smoking behavior influencing (Pinteraction 0.024). After adjustment age, sex, alcohol intake, hemoglobin, eGFR, donor use calcineurin inhibitors, remained statistically significant non-smoking population −0.14, −0.23 −0.04, 0.006). Furthermore, an small found −0.12, −0.22 −0.02, 0.017). Higher associated lower recipients, potentially indicative function. Interventional studies needed provide causal evidence on effects system.

Language: Английский

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Torque Teno Virus: A Promising Biomarker in Kidney Transplant Recipients

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(14), P. 7744 - 7744

Published: July 15, 2024

Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is a ubiquitous component of the human virome, not associated with any disease. As its load increases when immune system compromised, such as in kidney transplant (KT) recipients, TTV monitoring has been proposed method to assess immunosuppression. In this prospective study, was measured plasma and urine samples from 42 KT immediately before first 150 days after it. Data obtained suggest that could be relevant marker for evaluating status used guide predict onset infectious complications follow-up recipients. Since we observed no differences considering distance transplantation, while found changing trend viral infections, consider changes over time same subjects, irrespective transplantation.

Language: Английский

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Gyrovirus: current status and challenge

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Gyrovirus (GyV) is small, single-stranded circular DNA viruses that has recently been assigned to the family Anelloviridae . In last decade, many GyVs have an apparent pan-tropism at host level were identified by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology. As of now, they achieved global distribution. Several species demonstrated be pathogenic poultry, particularly chicken anemia virus (CAV), causing significant economic losses poultry industry. Although are highly prevalent in various birds worldwide, their direct involvement etiology specific diseases and reasons for ubiquity diversity not fully understood. This review summarizes current knowledge about GyVs, with a major emphasis on morphofunctional properties, epidemiological characteristics, genetic evolution, pathogenicity, immunopathogenesis. Additionally, association between diseases, as well its potential impact industry, discussed. Future prevention control strategies also explored. These insights underscore importance conducting research establish culture system, optimize surveillance, develop vaccines GyVs.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Relationship between the Gut Mucosal Virome and Colorectal Cancer: Characteristics and Correlations

Cancers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(14), P. 3555 - 3555

Published: July 9, 2023

The fecal virome has been reported to be associated with CRC. However, little is known about the mucosal signature in This study aimed determine viral community within CRC tissues and their contributions colorectal carcinogenesis. Colonic biopsies were harvested from patients (biopsies of both neoplasia adjacent normal tissue (CRC-A)) healthy controls (HC). shot-gun metagenomic sequencing virus-like particles (VLPs) was performed on biopsies. Viral community, functional pathways, correlations clinical data analyzed. Fluorescence situ hybridizations (FISH) for localization viruses intestine performed, as well quantitative PCR detection Torque teno virus load human VLP DNA. A greater number proportion core species found than CRC-A HC tissues. diversity significantly increased compared that different those at level. abundances eukaryotic Anelloviridae family its sub-species (TTV) higher HC. Furthermore, levels TTV intestinal lamina propria group. Multiple functions carcinogenesis enriched We revealed first time virobiota characterized by a more viruses. enrichment suggests they may play an oncogenic role Targeting gut provide novel strategies prevention treatment

Language: Английский

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Torque Teno Viral Plasma Load for Immunologic Monitoring in Solid Organ Transplantation: One Step Further

Transplantation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

The introduction of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)–based immunosuppression in the 1980s significantly reduced acute graft rejection after solid organ transplantation (SOT). During past 40 y, this immunosuppressive regimen has remained largely unchanged, and it is unlikely that new drugs will drastically alter routine care next decades. However, SOT still faces 2 major challenges: chronic opportunistic infections, both which result from inappropriate dosed immunosuppression. Because xenotransplantation tolerance-inducing strategies are not yet practical for broad clinical use, personalized medicine focusing on individual optimization existing becomes a timely strategy. In respect, quantification Torque Teno virus (TTV) been introduced as an immunometer to assess immunocompetence.1,2 Almost all healthy individuals recipients infected with 1 22 species these nonpathogen Anelloviruses. TTV plasma load detected by means real-time polymerase chain reaction, since 2021, commercial assay Conformité Européenne certification available use. Plasma associated risk infection kidney, lung, liver transplant patients hypothesized indirectly reflects immunocompetence its host: high indicates insufficient viral control because intense low competent immune system Currently, 3 randomized controlled trials recruiting over 500 kidney lung 7 European countries test value TTV-guided results expected 2024 (TTVguideIT, VIGILung, TAOIST).3,4 Until then, cut-off values stratification infections based observational studies might be applied post-transplant care.1,5 association between type dosage established. limited information exists about kinetics following adjustments dosages. Understanding magnitude timing changes paramount importance. Despite interventional concentrating CNI adjustments, few researchers have explored effects altering antimetabolite context, study conducted Benning et al6 Heidelberg, Germany, highly appreciated. Their offers valuable insights into dynamics alterations consequent modifications mycophenolic acid (MPA) dosing.6 only reaffirms but also builds prior findings Regele al,7 who observed decrease 2-wk pause MPA administration. current post hoc analysis prospective, single-center quantified before mo's 43 immunologic low-risk recipients. intention behind was enhance response severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine. study's participants had average age 58 33% being female. They were more than 4 y undergoing CNI-based (mainly tacrolimus), alongside daily 1.5 g. Commercial Européenne–marked reaction used analyze load. declined median 4.0 log copies/mL (c/mL) 3.7 c/mL pause. Two months reinitiation MPA, increased 4.3 once again. How should we interpret context literature? Both al7 reported 50% mo wk pause, respectively. identified reduction 6 It important note typically reaches peak around third month initiation post-transplant, suggesting take up stabilize Consequently, remains uncertain whether truly signifies nadir reintroduction no further measurements available. al,6 rebounded baseline MPA. conclusion, body literature implies lasting significant Furthermore, state equilibrium achieved 8 dosage. Taking consideration, recommend monitoring subsequent extend minimum postadaptation. comprehensive investigations featuring granular spanning necessary pinpoint optimal assessing accurately. Additionally, impact dosage—a practice during infections—on subject requires examination. Above all, investigating adaptations indispensable understanding. Another facet research merits discussion, their achievement enhancing SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination through relation To date, conflicting outcomes documented aimed at optimizing via performed 1-mo usage resulted facilitated response. Conversely, administration, led 3.9 (about one-third higher) did yield heightened rates. potential within framework appears promising avenue exploration. Finally, accordance previously published studies, described correlation SARS-CoV-2–specific anti-S1 IgG titers Other demonstrated vaccination.7–9 Seroconversion rates acceptable among exhibiting below 2.6 c/mL, whereas surpassing 4.6 displayed seroconversion.

Language: Английский

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