Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 249 - 271
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Language: Английский
Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31, P. e01847 - e01847
Published: Sept. 28, 2021
Despite islands contributing only 6.7% of land surface area, they harbor ~20% the Earth’s biodiversity, but unfortunately also ~50% threatened species and 75% known extinctions since European expansion around globe. Due to their geological geographic history characteristics, act simultaneously as cradles evolutionary diversity museums formerly widespread lineages—elements that permit achieve an outstanding endemicity. Nevertheless, majority these endemic are inherently vulnerable due genetic demographic factors linked with way colonized. Here, we stress great variation in physical geography (area, isolation, altitude, latitude) (age, human colonization, density). We provide examples some most rich iconic insular radiations. Next, analyze natural vulnerability biota, a result founder events well typically small population sizes many island species. note that, whereas evolution toward syndromes (including size shifts, derived woodiness, altered dispersal ability, loss defense traits, reduction clutch size) might have improved ability thrive under conditions on islands, it has made biota disproportionately anthropogenic pressures such habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, climate change. This led documented extinction at least 800 past 500 years, addition had already gone extinct following arrival first colonists prehistoric times. Finally, summarize current scientific knowledge ongoing biodiversity worldwide express our serious concern trajectory will continue decimate unique irreplaceable heritage world’s islands. conclude drastic actions urgently needed bend curve alarming rates loss.
Language: Английский
Citations
224
Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 372(6541), P. 488 - 491
Published: April 29, 2021
Islands are among the last regions on Earth settled and transformed by human activities, they provide replicated model systems for analysis of how people affect ecological functions. By analyzing 27 representative fossil pollen sequences encompassing past 5000 years from islands globally, we quantified rates vegetation compositional change before after arrival. After arrival, turnover accelerate a median factor 11, with faster colonized in 1500 than those earlier. This global anthropogenic acceleration suggests that trajectories continuing change. Strategies biodiversity conservation ecosystem restoration must acknowledge long duration impacts degree to which changes today differ prehuman dynamics.
Language: Английский
Citations
148
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9
Published: Nov. 5, 2021
Research in Macaronesia has led to substantial advances ecology, evolution and conservation biology. We review the scientific developments achieved this region, outline promising research avenues enhancing conservation. Some of these discoveries indicate that Macaronesian flora fauna are composed rather young lineages, not Tertiary relicts, predominantly European origin. also seems be an important source region for back-colonisation continental fringe regions on both sides Atlantic. This group archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary Islands, Cabo Verde) been crucial learn about particularities macroecological patterns interaction networks islands, providing evidence development General Dynamic Model oceanic island biogeography subsequent updates. However, addition exceptionally high richness endemic species, is home a growing number threatened along with invasive alien plants animals. Several innovative management actions place protect its biodiversity from other drivers global change. The Islands well-suited field study ecology research, mostly due special geological layout 40 islands grouped within five differing age, climate isolation. A large amount data now available several groups organisms around many islands. continued efforts should made toward compiling new information their biodiversity, pursue various fruitful develop appropriate tools.
Language: Английский
Citations
80
Anthropocene, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 35, P. 100297 - 100297
Published: May 19, 2021
Addressing urban challenges with nature-based approaches can improve and protect ecosystem services. Yet, planning has not efficiently integrated such to manage land use. This paper examines interactions between human natural systems that result in services changes use cover areas. It develops a social-ecological model for change, ecosystems integrates solutions planning. The treats spatial variations as both drivers consequences of decision-making choosing commercial residential locations drive change. We tested the Stockholm County, Sweden, on 30 × m grid. Results show accessibility drives development, characterized by non-linearity. Areas around existing centers high development probabilities, whereas smaller population large areas enjoy low probabilities. Model results suggest place-specific strategies addressing heterogeneous relationships development.
Language: Английский
Citations
71
Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT Whether species extinctions have accelerated during the Anthropocene and extent to which certain are more susceptible extinction due their ecological preferences intrinsic biological traits among most pressing questions in conservation biology. Assessing rates is, however, challenging, as best exemplified by phenomenon of ‘ dark ’: loss that disappear before they even formally described. These issues particularly problematic oceanic islands, where exhibit high endemism unique but also vulnerable extinction. Here, we document plant since Linnaeus' Species Plantarum Macaronesia, a biogeographic region comprised five hyperdiverse archipelagos, identify key drivers behind these extinctions. We compiled 168 records covering 126 taxa, identifying 13 global 155 local events. Significantly higher were observed compared expected background rate. uncovered differentiated patterns along altitudinal gradients, highlighting recent coastal hotspot linked socioeconomic changes Macaronesian archipelagos from 1960s onwards. Key factors influencing include island age, elevation, introduced herbivorous mammals, human population size. Trait‐based analyses across floras Azores Canary Islands revealed endemicity, pollination vertebrates, nitrogen‐fixing capacity, woodiness, zoochory consistently tended increase risk. Our findings emphasize critical role geography traits, alongside anthropogenic impacts, shaping dynamics on islands. Enhancing our knowledge life‐history within is crucial for accurately predicting mitigating future risks, underscoring urgent need comprehensive biodiversity assessments ecosystems.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(40)
Published: Sept. 27, 2021
Significance Assessing the ecological consequences of human settlement can help preserve island forests and their ecosystem services, but to understand legacy these interactions requires datasets that span centuries. We used paleoecological data (e.g. fossil pollen) show prehuman Holocene were dynamic in response climatic changes, colonization led increased incidence fire, soil erosion, grazing impacts Canary Islands Cabo Verde. Humans have driven compositional convergence within thermophilous woodland zone Verde relictual fragments laurel persist. Our long-term view highlights past which tree species restore conserve woodlands biodiversity hotspots.
Language: Английский
Citations
46
Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34, P. e02025 - e02025
Published: Jan. 31, 2022
Climate change is one of the most significant challenges to biodiversity conservation, particularly in dry tropical islands, such as Cabo Verde archipelago where only three endemic tree taxa occur – Dracaena draco subsp. caboverdeana, Phoenix atlantica and Sideroxylon marginatum all classified threatened. The main goal this study was predict possible shifts climatically suitable habitat ranges for Verdean species under different climate scenarios. We applied distribution models (SDMs) available occurrence data, projected 2050 2080, according expected best were obtained using Random Forest algorithm; they showed that, by caboverdeana will have decreased 28% 34%, respectively; conversely, increased 59% atlantica, taxon adapted arid conditions. Additionally, Santo Antão island endangered trees are more encompassed protected areas. Overall, contributed with new integrated data support design implementation a strategic plan promote conservation ecological value vulnerable country.
Language: Английский
Citations
23
Journal for Nature Conservation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 67, P. 126177 - 126177
Published: March 25, 2022
Due to their ability disperse over water, half of the extant bat species occur on islands and ca. 25% these are island endemics. They often sole native mammals play key roles in maintenance insular ecosystems. Yet, due increasing anthropogenic pressures, 60% island-restricted bats now threatened. The sub-tropical Madeira is home Macaronesian endemic Pipistrellus maderensis, Nyctalus leisleri verrucosus - an subspecies Plecotus austriacus. These each represent three main foraging guilds insectivorous namely, edge space foragers, open foragers narrow foragers. Despite great conservation value potential provide pest suppression services, little known about habitat associations bats. We used low-cost autonomous sensors conduct island-wide bioacoustic survey investigate how Madeiran affected by human-induced land-use change orography. Overall we obtained >63,000 passes across 216 sites at site, quantified cover altitude within a radius 250, 500 1000 m. maderensis was most widespread commonly recorded species, whereas austriacus had restricted distribution lowest number detected passes. found species-specific scale-dependent responses cover, with activity being positively associated landscape-scale shrubland, cropland Laurisilva (primary forest) were negatively influenced respectively. Furthermore, that negative effect This study provides first insights into effects type showcases detectors for surveys.
Language: Английский
Citations
21
Biodiversity Data Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10
Published: March 29, 2022
The data we present consist of an inventory exotic arthropods, potentially invasive, collected in and mixed forests disturbed native forest patches the Azores Archipelago. study was carried out between 2019 2020 four islands: Corvo, Flores, Terceira Santa Maria, where a total 45 passive flight interception SLAM traps were deployed, during three to six consecutive months. This manuscript is second contribution "SLAM Project - Long Term Ecological Study Impacts Climate Change Natural Forest Azores".We provide terrestrial arthropods belonging Arachnida, Diplopoda, Chilopoda Insecta classes from Azorean islands. We identified 21,175 specimens, 20 orders, 93 families 249 species arthropods. A 125 are considered introduced, 89 non-endemic 35 endemic. registered 34 new records (nine for 16 Maria), which five Azores, being all possibly recently introduced: Dieckmanniellusnitidulus (Gyllenhal, 1838), Gronopsfasciatus Küster, 1851, Hadroplontustrimaculatus (Fabricius, 1775), Hypurusbertrandi (Perris, 1852) (all Coleoptera, Curculionidae) Cardiocondylamauritanica Forel, 1890 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). publication highlights importance planted as reservoirs invasive refuges some rare relict endemic arthropod species.
Language: Английский
Citations
19
Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 37 - 69
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Language: Английский
Citations
17