Effects of partial replacement of soybean meal with Chlorella vulgaris and lysozyme on diarrheal incidence, plasma biochemical parameters, and immunity of weaned piglets

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Introduction The study aimed to investigate the effects of Chlorella vulgaris and lysozyme on growth performance, diarrhea rate, immune function, plasma biochemical parameters, gut microbiota metabolites weaned piglets. Methods Thirty Xiangcun black piglets (BW, 11.47 ± 1.13 kg) were randomly assigned one three treatment groups: corn-soybean meal-based basal diet (CON group), soybean meal replaced with 5% C. (CHV 100 mg/kg (LYSO group). Results Growth performance was not affected by or supplementation, while partially without reduced rate Plasma analysis showed that albumin, alkaline phosphatase, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in CHV group total cholesterol HDL-C LYSO higher when compared CON group. had increased interleukin (IL)-10 level jejunum IL-1β ileum having a decreasing IL-6 Additionally, although Firmicutes Megashaera_A abundances short-chain fatty acid concentrations (including acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate) group, but several beneficial bacteria (such as Actinobacteroita, Faecealibacterium, Anaerovibrio ) Discussion In summary, dietary supplementation improved health some contexts affecting performance. Therefore, sustainable feed ingredients piglet diets could be viable alternative approach.

Language: Английский

---

Sheep-Derived Lactobacillus johnsonii M5 Enhances Immunity and Antioxidant Capacity, Alleviates Diarrhea, and Improves Intestinal Health in Early-Weaned Lambs

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 404 - 404

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

The early weaning of lambs frequently leads to weakened immunity, impaired intestinal function, and increased susceptibility disease. Lactobacillus plays a role in regulating enhancing antioxidant capacity, maintaining health. This study aims isolate strain with favorable probiotic properties from sheep feces investigate its effects on the health early-weaned lambs. In this study, growth characteristics, acid production bacteriostatic bile salt tolerance, gastrointestinal fluid self-coagulation surface hydrophobicity isolated were analyzed for vitro properties. Lactobacilli strong used vivo validation. A total 72 Hu allocated into four groups: ewe-reared group (ER), early-weaning (EW), low-dose (LL), high-dose (HL). Early was performed EW, LL, HL groups at age 28 days. johnsonii M5 (L. M5), feces, exhibited vitro. Feeding EW low dose L. significantly reduced their diarrhea rate (p < 0.05). Its supplementation levels superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) capacity (T-AOC) serum jejunal mucosa decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) Compared group, immunoglobulin G (IgG) LL feeding content anti-inflammatory cytokines, while reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines also crypt depth occludin claudin-1 These findings indicate that enhances immunity improving health, mitigates

Language: Английский

---

Camel Milk Protein Ameliorates Ulcerative Colitis by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Amino Acid Metabolism

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 780 - 780

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

The protective effects of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) in alleviating inflammation have been reported. However, limited attention has paid to key fraction protein (MFGMP). This study investigated camel MFGMP against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mice. results revealed that administering 50 mg/kg significantly alleviated colonic inflammation, as evidenced by a marked decrease IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels, along with pathological damage DSS-induced mice UC. supplementation partially regulated gut microbiota dysbiosis UC increasing α-diversity relative abundance beneficial bacteria, such Lactobacillus, while decreasing Akkermansia. Additionally, treatment exhibited significant regulatory on metabolites, particularly amino acid metabolism, feces. Specifically, this restored L-valine normal physiological levels increased concentrations L-leucine, L-lysine, L-tyrosine nearly twice their baseline whereas concentration L-tryptophan threefold. These upregulated acids were negatively correlated pro-inflammatory cytokines positively anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, indicated Spearman's correlation analysis. Furthermore, reduction mRNA expression WNT-1, β-catenin, Cyclin D1 suggests exerts positive effect via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. findings indicate modulating intestinal metabolism mice, potential implications for treating inflammatory diseases.

Language: Английский

---

Low‐protein diet supplemented with isomalto‐oligosaccharide reduces diarrhea rate of weaned piglets by regulating intestinal function

Journal of Food Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 90(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract Excess protein in infant formula can harm the health of infants. Isomalto‐oligosaccharide (IMO), a prebiotic, be incorporated into formula. This study employed weaned piglets as model to establish varying levels, investigating impact IMO low‐protein diets on intestinal health. A total 192 were randomly assigned four groups, with each group containing six pens eight each. The control was fed diet 19% crude (CP), while other three experimental groups supplemented 0.2% IMO, CP levels 19%, 18%, and 17%, respectively. experiment lasted 28 days, one piglet from pen slaughtered at end. There no differences growth performance among groups. Nonetheless, diarrhea rate an 18% (18CP + group) reduced during d1–21 1–28 ( p < 0.05). apparent tract digestibility (ATTD) acid detergent fiber (ADF) showed quadratic correlation Meanwhile, 18CP that ATTD dry matter ADF increased 0.05); crypt depth jejunum decreased 0.05), expression barrier ZO‐1 ) development CDX2 related genes abundance beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium = 0.06). Compared 19CP group, had lower contents indole skatole Our results supplementing incidence piglets, enhanced nutrient digestibility, microbiota, harmful metabolite production.

Language: Английский

---

Pig farming practices compromising biosecurity and causing poor welfare of pigs

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 17, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Pulsatilla Powder Ameliorates Damp-Heat Diarrhea in Piglets Through the Regulation of Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway Involving G6PD and NOX

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 403 - 403

Published: April 25, 2025

Damp-heat diarrhea (DHD) in piglets presents as and intestinal bleeding, significantly affecting both piglet health the pig industry. Pulsatilla powder (PP), a herbal formulation composed of Pulsatilla, Rhizoma Coptidis, Phellodendron Bark, Fraxini Cortex, has proven to be an effective treatment for DHD. Although pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) been associated with its therapeutic effects, exact mechanism action remains unclear. In this study, DHD model was established evaluate clinical symptoms, organ index, serum histological changes, colonic metabolites, molecular mechanisms using techniques such QPCR, ELISA, WB metabolomics. PP improved by restoring spleen lung increasing LDL-C HDL-C levels (HDL-C: p < 0.05), decreasing mRNA expression IFN-γ TNF-α (p 0.01), MUC1 MUC2 expression. Metabolomics analysis identified 44 pathways, including glutathione 132 differential metabolites have involved treatment. reduced G6PD inhibited pathway, NOX production suppressed ROS 0.01). These effects alleviated oxidative stress damage, demonstrating PP’s effectiveness treating targeting critical enzymes levels.

Language: Английский

---

Network Pharmacology and In Vitro Experimental Validation Reveal the Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Lotus Leaf Extract in Treating Inflammatory Diarrhea in Pigs

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 47(5), P. 314 - 314

Published: April 28, 2025

The objective of this research was to investigate the efficacy lotus leaf in prevention and treatment inflammatory diarrhea pigs, utilizing network pharmacology vitro methodologies. Initially, LC-MS employed analyze constituents extract (LLE); then, TCMSP database utilized identify active components their corresponding targets. GeneCards consulted disease-related targets pertinent pigs. A drug ingredient–disease target constructed using Cytoscape software. Subsequently, STRING facilitated protein interaction analysis, which also visualized through Cytoscape. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were conducted based on genes shared between disease LLE Molecular docking ingredients with key performed Autodock Vina. an LPS-induced inflammation model established IPEC-J2 cells validate predictions made pharmacology. Verification via flow cytometry Western blot analysis. assay retrieval results revealed that Quercetin, Nuciferine, Kaempferol, Leucodelphinidin, Catechin identified as main compounds LLE, associated 181 potential total 5995 linked 159 overlapping bioactive disease. Notable included TNF-α, IL-6, caspase-3, TP53, AKT, are integral apoptosis processes. GO indicated significant biological processes such gene expression regulation transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters. KEGG pathway highlighted critical pathways, including TNF signaling apoptosis. Furthermore, molecular analyses demonstrated exhibited a strong binding affinity for essential targets, AKT1, BAX, CCL2, IL-10, MPK14, NOS3, PTGS1, TNF-α. In experiments confirmed significantly inhibited suppressed activation TNF-α-mediated pathway. This study offers novel insights into therapeutic Chinese medicine its addressing

Language: Английский

---

Microencapsulated essential oils alleviate diarrhea in weaned piglets by modulating the intestinal microbial barrier as well as not inducing antibiotic resistance: a field research

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 10, 2024

Microencapsulated essential oils (MEO)have been used as antibiotic alternatives that can be applied to alleviate diarrhea in weaning piglet. We examined a large group of weaned piglets and incorporated oil containing thymol (2%), carvacrol (5%) cinnamaldehyde (3%) the feed on an intensive production farm. The were divided into four groups; Control (no additions) chlortetracycline (Chl), (EO) microencapsulated (MEO) fed ad libitum over 28-day trial period. found MEO significantly reduced incidence was also accompanied by increased average daily weight gains from days 14–28 ( p &lt; 0.05). enhanced antioxidant capacity serum total (T-AOC) glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) levels expression genes related ileal inflammation IL-6 , TNF-α TGF-β1 ) 0.05) sIgA antibody levels. influenced composition intestinal microbiome Bacteroidota thus altered Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio. However, none treatments produced significant changes most common tetracycline resistance &gt; Metagenomic analysis indicated impacted DNA expression, virulence factors, activity antimicrobial activity. Metabolomic content tyrosine metabolism primary bile acid biosynthesis suggesting improved health nutrient absorption. This study paves way for further research development optimization MEO-based interventions aimed at improving piglet performance while providing reference reducing reliance antibiotics animal agriculture.

Language: Английский

---

Andrographolide protects against the intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammatory response through modulating ETEC virulence factors in a mouse model of diarrhea

Journal of Functional Foods, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 123, P. 106568 - 106568

Published: Nov. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

---

ВЛИЯНИЕ РАЗНОГО УРОВНЯ И СООТНОШЕНИЯ АМИНОКИСЛОТ В НИЗКОПРОТЕИНОВЫХ РАЦИОНАХ НА СОСТОЯНИЕ АЗОТИСТОГО ОБМЕНА, ЭФФЕКТИВОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ КОРМА И СКОРОСТЬ РОСТА У ПОМЕСНЫХ СВИНЕЙ

Problemy biologii produktivnyh životnyh, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3, P. 67 - 77

Published: Oct. 8, 2024

Предложенные в последние годы применения кормлении свиней рационов с низким содержанием сырого протеина при достаточном балансировании количества индивидуальных аминокислот оптимальном уровне обменной энергии корме может способствовать реализации потенциала мясной продуктивности период выращивания животных. Иссзедование проведегно на трёх группах (n=16) помесных поросят(♂ландрас ´ ♀крупная белая) возрасте 63 суток, которые до достижения живой массы 45-54 кг получали комбикорм ячменно-пшеничной основе (1-я группа, контроль: 1 кгкорма 12,4 МДж энергии, 120 г протеина, 7,7 лизина, 4,6 метионина+цистеина, 4,8 треонина; 2-я группа: 13,0; 122; 9,4; 6,1; 6,3 соответственно; 3-я 13,6; 152; 10,8; 7,0; 7,2 соответственно). Эффективность использования азотистых веществ корма, суточные приросты и показатели во 2-й группе были выше, а расходы н прироста отложенного белков меньше, чем 1-й (P<0,05). Сдвиги плазме крови уровня свободных аминокислот, мочевины, креатинина активности щелочной фосфатазы, мышцах печени – креатинкиназы, аспартатаминотрансферазы аланинаминотрансферазы адекватными изменениям продуктивных показателей. Заключили, что уровни незаменимых оптимальными соотношении их рационе по отношению к лизину (%): треонин 67, метионин+цистин 65, валин 63, лейцин+изолейцин 142, гистидин 33, триптофан 15, аргинин 54, фенилаланин+тирозин 96. The use of diets with a low crude protein content in pig feeding, proposed recent years, sufficient balancing the amount individual amino acids at an optimal level metabolic energy feed, can help realize potential meat productivity growing animals. study was carried out on three groups crossbred piglets (♂Landrace × ♀Large White) aged days, which until live weight kg received feed barley-wheat basis (in feed. I group (control) 12.4 MJ energy, g protein, 7.7 lysine, 4.6 methionine + cysteine, 4.8 threonine: II group: 13.0; 94; 6.1; 6.3; III 13.6; 10.8; 7.0; 7.2, respectively; efficiency using nitrogenous substances, daily gain and indicators were higher, consumption per LWG stored less than (P<0.05). Shifts blood plasma free acids, urea, creatinine alkaline phosphatase activity, muscles liver activity creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase alanine adequate to changes productive indicators. Concluded that levels essential ratio diet relative lysine threonine cystine valine leucine isoleucine histidine tryptophan 15 , arginine phenylalanine tyrosine

Language: Русский

---