Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Responsive Nanomedicine for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 19, 2021

Abstract The past decades have witnessed great progress in cancer immunotherapy, which has profoundly revolutionized oncology, whereas low patient response rates and potential immune‐related adverse events remain major clinical challenges. With the advantages of controlled delivery modular flexibility, nanomedicine offered opportunities to strengthen antitumor immune responses sensitize tumor immunotherapy. Furthermore, tumor‐microenvironment (TME)‐responsive been demonstrated achieve specific localized amplification tissue a safe effective manner, increasing immunotherapy reducing side effects simultaneously. Here, recent TME‐responsive for is summarized, responds signals TME, such as weak acidity, reductive environment, high‐level reactive oxygen species, hypoxia, overexpressed enzymes, adenosine triphosphate. Moreover, combine nanomedicine‐based therapy immunotherapeutic strategies overcome each step cancer‐immunity cycle enhance discussed. Finally, existing challenges further perspectives this rising field with hope improved development applications are

Language: Английский

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Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions

International Journal of Oral Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops on the mucosal epithelium of oral cavity. It accounts for approximately 90% malignancies and impairs appearance, pronunciation, swallowing, flavor perception. In 2020, 377,713 OSCC cases were reported globally. According to Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), incidence will rise by 40% 2040, accompanied a growth in mortality. Persistent exposure various risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, betel quid (BQ), human papillomavirus (HPV), lead development potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which are lesions with an increased developing into OSCC. Complex multifactorial, oncogenesis process involves genetic alteration, epigenetic modification, dysregulated tumor microenvironment. Although therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, nanomedicine, have been proposed prevent or treat OPMDs, understanding mechanism facilitate identification prognostic thereby improving efficacy treatment patients. This review summarizes mechanisms involved Moreover, current interventions methods OPMDs discussed comprehension provide several prospective outlooks fields.

Language: Английский

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Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Colorectal Cancer (CRC): From Mechanism to Therapy and Prognosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(16), P. 8470 - 8470

Published: Aug. 6, 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor in the digestive system whose incidence and mortality high-ranking among tumors worldwide. The initiation progression of CRC complex process involving genetic alterations cells multiple factors from surrounding cell microenvironment. As accumulating evidence has shown, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)-as abundant active infiltrated inflammatory microenvironment (TME)-play crucial role CRC. This review focuses on different mechanisms TAM CRC, including switching phenotypical subtypes; promoting proliferation, invasion, migration; facilitating angiogenesis; mediating immunosuppression; regulating metabolism; interacting with microbiota. Although controversy remains clinical regarding TAMs clarifying their significance therapy prognosis may shed new light optimization TAM-centered approaches care.

Language: Английский

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The cGAS–STING signaling in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: Future novel target option for pharmacotherapy

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 50 - 75

Published: May 20, 2021

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling exert essential regulatory function in microbial-and onco-immunology through the induction cytokines, primarily type I interferons. Recently, aberrant and deranged cGAS-STING axis is closely implicated multiple sterile inflammatory diseases, including heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, nonalcoholic fatty liver aortic aneurysm dissection, obesity, etc. This because massive loads damage-associated molecular patterns (mitochondrial DNA, DNA extracellular vesicles) liberated from recurrent injury to metabolic cellular organelles tissues, which are sensed by pathway. Also, pathway crosstalk with intracellular homeostasis processes like apoptosis, autophagy, regulate metabolism. Targeting derailed STING has become necessary for chronic diseases. Meanwhile, excessive interferons impact on cardiovascular health remain entirely elusive. In this review, we summarize intimate connection between disorders. We also discuss some potential small molecule inhibitors review provides insight stimulate interest support future research into understanding tissues

Language: Английский

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Targeting M2-like tumor-associated macrophages is a potential therapeutic approach to overcome antitumor drug resistance

npj Precision Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2024

Abstract Tumor drug resistance emerges from the interaction of two critical factors: tumor cellular heterogeneity and immunosuppressive nature microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute essential components TME. M2-like TAMs are in facilitating metastasis as well augmenting tumors. This review encapsulates mechanisms that use to promote resistance. We also describe emerging therapeutic strategies currently targeting combination with other antitumor drugs, some still undergoing clinical trial evaluation. Furthermore, we summarize analyze various existing approaches for developing novel drugs target overcome resistance, highlighting how can effectively stop growth, metastasis,

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic regulation in the tumor microenvironment: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: May 22, 2023

Abstract Over decades, researchers have focused on the epigenetic control of DNA-templated processes. Histone modification, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, RNA and noncoding RNAs modulate many biological processes that are crucial to development cancers. Dysregulation epigenome drives aberrant transcriptional programs. A growing body evidence suggests mechanisms modification dysregulated in human cancers might be excellent targets for tumor treatment. Epigenetics has also been shown influence immunogenicity immune cells involved antitumor responses. Thus, application therapy cancer immunotherapy their combinations may important implications Here, we present an up-to-date thorough description how modifications cell responses microenvironment (TME) epigenetics internally modify TME. Additionally, highlight therapeutic potential targeting regulators immunotherapy. Harnessing complex interplay between immunology develop therapeutics combine thereof is challenging but could yield significant benefits. The purpose this review assist understanding impact TME, so better immunotherapies can developed.

Language: Английский

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A narrative review of tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer: regulation of macrophage polarization and therapeutic implications

Translational Lung Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 1889 - 1916

Published: April 1, 2021

Abstract: Lung cancer is the deadliest malignancy worldwide. An inflammatory microenvironment a key factor contributing to lung tumor progression. Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are prominent components of immune with diverse supportive and inhibitory effects on growth, progression, metastasis tumors. Two main macrophage phenotypes different functions have been identified. They include or classically activated (M1) anti-inflammatory alternatively (M2) macrophages. The contrasting TAMs in relation neoplasm progression stem from presence varying tumor-promoting anti-tumor activities. This wide spectrum governed by network cytokines chemokines, cell-cell interactions, signaling pathways. promising therapeutic targets for non-small cell (NSCLC) treatment. There several strategies TAM targeting utilizing them purposes including limiting monocyte recruitment localization through various pathways such as CCL2-CCR2, CSF1-CSF1R, CXCL12-CXCR4, activation TAMs, genetic epigenetic reprogramming antitumor phenotype, carrier anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we will outline role macrophages initiation regulating their function well these cells development future strategies.

Language: Английский

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Targeted nanomedicines remodeling immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for enhanced cancer immunotherapy

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 4327 - 4347

Published: Nov. 4, 2022

Cancer immunotherapy has significantly flourished and revolutionized the limited conventional tumor therapies, on account of its good safety long-term memory ability. Discouragingly, low patient response rates potential immune-related side effects make it rather challenging to literally bring from bench bedside. However, become evident that, although immunosuppressive microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in facilitating progression metastasis, also provides various targets for remodeling TME, which can consequently bolster effectiveness antitumor suppression. Additionally, particular characteristics turn, be exploited as avenues designing diverse precise targeting nanomedicines. In general, is urgent necessity deliver nanomedicines thus improving therapeutic outcomes clinical translation prospects immunotherapy. Herein, we will illustrate several formation mechanisms TME. More importantly, variety strategies concerning TME strengthening patients' immune systems, reviewed. Ultimately, discuss existing obstacles future perspectives development Hopefully, thriving bloom vibrancy further exploration comprehensive cancer treatment.

Language: Английский

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Insights on functionalized carbon nanotubes for cancer theranostics

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Dec. 16, 2021

Abstract Despite the exciting breakthroughs in medical technology, cancer still accounts for one of principle triggers death and conventional therapeutic modalities often fail to attain an effective cure. Recently, nanobiotechnology has made huge advancement therapy with gigantic application potential because their ability achieving precise controlled drug release, elevating solubility reducing adverse effects. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), most promising carbon-related nanomaterials, have already achieved much success biomedical field. Due excellent optical property, thermal electronic conductivity, easy functionalization high loading capacity, CNTs can be applied a multifunctional way treatment diagnosis. In this review, we will give overview recent progress CNT-based delivery systems theranostics, which emphasizes targetability intracellular components tumor cells extracellular elements microenvironment. Moreover, detailed introduction on how penetrate inside reach sites action achieve effects, as well diagnostic applications highlighted. Graphic

Language: Английский

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Tumor Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Challenges and Opportunities for New Treatment Options

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 3778 - 3778

Published: March 29, 2022

The prevalence of liver cancer is constantly rising, with increasing incidence and mortality in Europe the USA recent decades. Among different subtypes cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) most commonly diagnosed cancer. Besides advances diagnosis promising results pre-clinical studies, HCC remains a highly lethal disease. In many cases, an effect chronic inflammation, which leads to formation complex tumor microenvironment (TME) composed immune stromal cells. TME patients challenge for therapies, as it involved metastasis development resistance. However, given that intricate system cells interacting cells, new immune-based therapies are being developed target HCC. Therefore, understanding complexity will provide possibilities design novel more effective immunotherapeutics combinatorial overcome resistance treatment. this review, we describe role inflammation during progression by focusing on TME. We also therapeutic possible treatment options.

Language: Английский

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