Seasonal and spatial variations of greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4 and N2O) emissions from urban ponds in Brussels

Water Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 253, P. 121257 - 121257

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Global Methane Budget 2000–2020

Published: June 6, 2024

Abstract. Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH4) budget is important for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. Emissions atmospheric concentrations of CH4 continue increase, maintaining as second most human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms forcing after carbon dioxide (CO2). The relative importance compared CO2 temperature change related its shorter lifetime, stronger radiative effect, acceleration growth rate over past decade, causes which are still debated. Two major challenges reducing uncertainties factors explaining well-observed arise from diverse, geographically overlapping sources uncertain magnitude temporal destruction by short-lived highly variable hydroxyl radicals (OH). To address these challenges, we have established a consortium multi-disciplinary scientists under umbrella Global Carbon Project improve, synthesise update regularly stimulate new research on cycle. Following Saunois et al. (2016, 2020), present here third version living review paper dedicated decadal budget, integrating results top-down emission estimates (based in-situ observing satellite (GOSAT) observations an ensemble inverse-model results) bottom-up process-based models estimating land-surface emissions chemistry, inventories anthropogenic emissions, data-driven extrapolations). We recent 2010–2019 calendar decade (the latest period full datasets available), previous 2000–2009 year 2020. revision this edition benefits progress inland freshwater with better accounting lakes ponds, reservoirs, streams rivers. This also reduces double across wetland and, first time, includes estimate potential that exists (average 23 Tg yr-1). Bottom-up approaches show combined average 248 [159–369] yr-1 decade. Natural fluxes perturbed human activities through climate, eutrophication, land use. In estimate, component contributing emissions. Newly available gridded products allowed us derive almost complete latitudinal regional based approaches. For estimated inversions (top-down) be 575 (range 553–586, corresponding minimum maximum model ensemble). Of amount, 369 or ~65 % attributed direct fossil, agriculture waste biomass burning 350–391 63–68 %). period, give slightly lower total than 2010–2019, 32 9–40). Since 2012, trends been tracking scenarios assume no minimal mitigation policies proposed Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change (shared socio-economic SSP5 SSP3). methods suggest 16 (94 yr-1) larger (669 yr-1, range 512–849) inversion period. discrepancy between budgets has greatly reduced differences (167 156 respectively), time uncertainty overlap. distribution inversion-based indicates predominance tropical southern hemisphere (~65 <30° N) mid (30° N–60° N, ~30 emissions) high-northern latitudes (60° N–90° ~4 emissions). similar though contributions latitudes, smaller tropics inversions. Although bottom-up, source attributable natural especially those wetlands freshwaters. identify five priorities improving budget: i) producing global, high-resolution map water-saturated soils inundated areas emitting robust classification different types ecosystems; ii) further development inland-water emissions; iii) intensification at local (e.g., FLUXNET-CH4 measurements, urban-scale monitoring, imagery pointing capabilities) scales (surface networks remote sensing measurements satellites) constrain both inversions; iv) improvements transport representation photochemical sinks inversions, v) integration 3D variational systems using isotopic and/or co-emitted species such ethane well information super-emitters detected (mainly oil sector but coal, landfills) improve partitioning. data presented can downloaded https://doi.org/10.18160/GKQ9-2RHT (Martinez al., 2024).

Language: Английский

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Permafrost Carbon: Progress on Understanding Stocks and Fluxes Across Northern Terrestrial Ecosystems

Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 129(3)

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Abstract Significant progress in permafrost carbon science made over the past decades include identification of vast stocks, development new pan‐Arctic maps, an increase terrestrial measurement sites for CO 2 and methane fluxes, important factors affecting cycling, including vegetation changes, periods soil freezing thawing, wildfire, other disturbance events. Process‐based modeling studies now key elements cycling advances statistical inverse enhance understanding region C budgets. By combining existing data syntheses model outputs, is likely a wetland source small ecosystem sink with lower net uptake toward higher latitudes, excluding wildfire emissions. For 2002–2014, strongest was located western Canada (median: −52 g m −2 y −1 ) smallest sinks Alaska, Canadian tundra, Siberian tundra (medians: −5 to −9 ). Eurasian regions had largest median fluxes (16–18 CH 4 Quantifying regional scale balance remains challenging because high spatial temporal variability relatively low density observations. More accurate require: (a) better maps characterizing wetlands dynamics disturbances, abrupt thaw; (b) establishment year‐round flux underrepresented areas; (c) improved models that represent cycle dynamics, non‐growing season emissions effects.

Language: Английский

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Freshwater wetland restoration and conservation are long-term natural climate solutions

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 922, P. 171218 - 171218

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Freshwater wetlands have a disproportionately large influence on the global carbon cycle, with potential to serve as long-term sinks. Many of world's freshwater been destroyed or degraded, thereby affecting carbon-sink capacity. Ecological restoration degraded is thus becoming an increasingly sought-after natural climate solution. Yet time required revert wetland from source sink remains largely unknown. Moreover, increased methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions might complicate benefit that may represent. We conducted meta-analysis evaluate benefits in terms net ecosystem greenhouse gas balance. Most studies (76 %) investigated peatlands (bogs, fens, peat swamps) northern hemisphere, whereas effects non-peat (freshwater marshes, swamps, riparian wetlands) remain unexplored. Despite higher CH4 emissions, most restored (77 all were sinks, (69 sources. Conversely, similar across restored, wetlands. When considering radiative forcings atmospheric lifetimes different gases, average for cooling effect after 525 years 141 The does, therefore, not meet timeframe set by Paris Agreement limit warming 2100. conservation protection should be prioritised over those ecosystems already play key role change mitigation.

Language: Английский

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Methane dynamics in vegetated habitats in inland waters: quantification, regulation, and global significance

Frontiers in Water, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Freshwater ecosystems, including lakes, wetlands, and running waters, are estimated to contribute over half the natural emissions of methane (CH 4 ) globally, yet large uncertainties remain in inland water CH budget. These related highly heterogeneous nature complex regulation emission pathways, which involve diffusion, ebullition, plant-associated transport. The latter, particular, represents a major source uncertainty our understanding dynamics. Many freshwater ecosystems harbor habitats colonized by submerged emergent plants, transport variable amounts atmosphere but whose presence may also profoundly influence local Yet, dynamics vegetated their potential contribution budgets waters understudied poorly quantified. Here we present synthesis literature pertaining habitats, (i) provide an overview different ways aquatic vegetation can (i.e., production, oxidation, transport) (ii) summarize methods applied study fluxes from (iii) existing data on associated types waters. Finally, discuss implications with for current estimates at global scale. plant areas varied widely, ranging from−8.6 2835.8 mg m −2 d −1 , were average high relative non-vegetated habitats. We conclude that, based coverage flux intensities fluxes, exclusion these lake balances lead underestimation emissions. This highlights need incorporate into further identifies research aspects relevant future directions.

Language: Английский

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The hidden roots of wetland methane emissions

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH 4 ) globally. Climate and land use change expected to alter CH emissions but current future wetland budgets remain uncertain. One important predictor flux, plants, play an role in providing substrates for ‐producing microbes, increasing consumption by oxygenating rhizosphere, transporting from soils atmosphere. Yet, there various mechanistic knowledge gaps regarding extent which plant root systems their traits influence emissions. Here, we present a novel conceptual framework relationships between range processes wetlands. Based on literature review, propose four main ‐relevant categories function: gas transport, carbon substrate provision, physicochemical influences system architecture. Within these categories, discuss how individual production, consumption, transport (PCT). Our findings reveal concerning trait functions influences, mycorrhizae temporal dynamics PCT. We also identify priority research needs such as integrating measurements different function measuring root‐CH linkages along environmental gradients, following standardized ecology protocols vocabularies. Thus, our identifies relevant belowground that will help improve predictions reduce uncertainties budgets.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the ecological impact of pesticides/herbicides on algal communities: A comprehensive review

Aquatic Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 268, P. 106851 - 106851

Published: Jan. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Temporary stratification promotes large greenhouse gas emissions in a shallow eutrophic lake

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 93 - 107

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Abstract. Shallow lakes and ponds undergo frequent temporary thermal stratification. How this affects greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is moot, with both increased reduced GHG hypothesised. Here, weekly estimations of emissions, over the growing season from May to September, were combined temperature oxygen profiles an 11 ha temperate shallow lake investigate how stratification shapes emissions. There three main periods profound anoxia occurring in bottom waters upon isolation atmosphere. Average diffusive methane (CH4) nitrous oxide (N2O) larger more variable stratified phase, whereas carbon dioxide (CO2) was on average lower, though these differences not statistically significant. In contrast, there a significant order magnitude increase CH4 ebullition phase. Furthermore, at end period stratification, large efflux CO2 as mixed. Two relatively isolated turnover events estimated have released majority emitted between September. These results demonstrate patterns can shape highlight role need for high-frequency measurements which are required accurately characterise particularly temporarily stratifying lakes.

Language: Английский

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Ensemble estimates of global wetland methane emissions over 2000–2020

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 305 - 321

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Abstract. Due to ongoing climate change, methane (CH4) emissions from vegetated wetlands are projected increase during the 21st century, challenging mitigation efforts aimed at limiting global warming. However, despite reports of rising emission trends, a comprehensive evaluation and attribution recent changes remains limited. Here we assessed wetland CH4 2000–2020 based on an ensemble 16 process-based models. Our results estimated average 158 ± 24 (mean 1σ) Tg yr−1 over total annual area 8.0 2.0×106 km2 for period 2010–2020, with 6–7 in 2010–2019 compared 2000–2009. The increases four latitudinal bands 90–30° S, 30° S–30° N, 30–60° 60–90° N were 0.1–0.2, 3.6–3.7, 1.8–2.4, 0.6–0.8 yr−1, respectively, 2 decades. modeled sensitivities temperature show reasonable consistency eddy-covariance-based measurements 34 sites. Rising was primary driver increase, while precipitation atmospheric CO2 concentrations played secondary roles high levels uncertainty. These suggest that change is driving increased direct sustained needed monitor developments.

Language: Английский

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Methane emissions from agricultural ponds are underestimated in national greenhouse gas inventories

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Dec. 5, 2022

Abstract Agricultural ponds have some of the highest methane emissions per area among freshwater systems, and these anthropogenic should be included in national greenhouse gas inventories. Here we deliver a continental-scale assessment from agricultural United States Australia. We source maps ponds, compile meta-analysis for their use published data to correct temperature relative contributions two fluxes (diffusion ebullition). In States, 2.56 million cover 420.9 kha emit about 95.8 kt year −1 methane. Australia, 1.76 291.2 75.1 Despite large uncertainties, our findings suggest that small water bodies twice as much than is currently accounted Managing systems can reduce while benefiting productivity, ecosystem services, biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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