Disturbance
in
ecosystem
balance
is
increasing
drastically
due
to
human
interferences.
Different
kinds
of
toxins
are
continuously
being
released
into
the
environment
from
various
sources;
few
naturally
produced
like
cyanotoxins,
and
rest
industries
or
other
activities.
Living
organisms,
including
humans,
come
contact
with
during
their
lifetime.
To
understand
level
toxicity
mechanism
action,
ecotoxicological
evaluation
these
environmental
stressors
necessary.
Selecting/creating
an
ideal
model
system
for
screening
a
major
concern
among
scientist.
At
present,
animal
models
mice,
rats,
fish,
etc.,
different
cell
lines
used
toxicological
potential
stressors.
Mammalian
widely
predict
toxic
effects
on
cellular
level,
especially
perspective.
at
organism
used.
This
chapter
reviews
benefits
drawbacks
teleost,
algae,
mammalian
over
lines.
will
also
help
vitality
systems
choosing
suitable
ones
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
97(4), P. 1346 - 1364
Published: March 1, 2022
Animal
behaviour
is
remarkably
sensitive
to
disruption
by
chemical
pollution,
with
widespread
implications
for
ecological
and
evolutionary
processes
in
contaminated
wildlife
populations.
However,
conventional
approaches
applied
study
the
impacts
of
pollutants
on
seldom
address
complexity
natural
environments
which
contamination
occurs.
The
aim
this
review
guide
rapidly
developing
field
behavioural
ecotoxicology
towards
increased
environmental
realism,
complexity,
mechanistic
understanding.
We
identify
research
areas
ecology
that
date
have
been
largely
overlooked
within
but
promise
yield
valuable
insights,
including
within-
among-individual
variation,
social
networks
collective
behaviour,
multi-stressor
interactions.
Further,
we
feature
methodological
technological
innovations
enable
collection
data
pollutant-induced
changes
at
an
unprecedented
resolution
scale
laboratory
field.
In
era
rapid
change,
there
urgent
need
advance
our
understanding
real-world
pollution
behaviour.
This
therefore
provides
a
roadmap
major
outstanding
questions
highlights
cross-talk
other
disciplines
order
find
answers.
Environmental Research,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
204, P. 112063 - 112063
Published: Sept. 22, 2021
A
wide
range
of
chemicals
have
been
identified
as
endocrine
disrupting
(EDCs)
in
vertebrate
species.
Most
studies
EDCs
focused
on
exposure
both
male
and
female
adults
to
these
chemicals;
however,
there
is
clear
evidence
that
dramatic
effects
when
mature
or
developing
gametes
are
exposed,
consequently
associated
with
multigenerational
transgenerational
effects.
Several
publications
reviewed
such
actions
subgroups
species,
e.g.,
fish
rodents.
In
this
review,
we
take
a
holistic
approach
synthesizing
knowledge
the
across
including
fish,
anurans,
birds,
mammals,
discuss
potential
mechanism(s)
mediating
multi-
We
also
propose
series
recommendations
aimed
at
moving
field
forward
structured
coherent
manner.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
872, P. 162173 - 162173
Published: Feb. 11, 2023
Fluoxetine
is
one
of
the
worlds
most
prescribed
antidepressant,
and
frequently
detected
in
surface
waters.
Once
present
aquatic
environment,
fluoxetine
has
been
shown
to
disrupt
swimming
behaviour
fish
invertebrates.
However,
also
known
be
highly
variable
according
experimental
conditions,
potentially
concealing
relevant
effects.
Therefore,
aims
this
study
were
two-fold:
i)
investigate
feeding
Gammarus
pulex
after
exposure
antidepressant
(0.2,
2,
20,
200
μg/L),
ii)
assess
what
degree
test
duration
(short-term
long-term)
location
(laboratory
semi-field
conditions)
affect
gammarid's
behaviour.
We
used
automated
video
tracking
analysis
asses
a
range
behaviours
G.
pulex,
including
speed,
startle
responses
light
transition,
acceleration,
curvature
thigmotaxis.
found
larger
effects
on
due
conditions
than
tested
concentrations.
Gammarids
swam
faster,
more
straight
showed
stronger
response
during
transition
when
kept
under
compared
laboratory.
Effects
for
different
durations
opposite
laboratory
semi-field.
In
gammarids
slower
spent
time
at
inner
zone
arena
2
days
21
while
reverse
was
observed.
had
only
minor
impacts
but
influenced
behavioural
outcomes
exposure.
Overall,
our
results
highlight
importance
standardizing
optimizing
protocols
that
achieve
reproducible
ecotoxicology.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
261, P. 109446 - 109446
Published: Aug. 24, 2022
Chlorpyrifos
(CPF)
and
cypermethrin
(CYP)
are
two
insecticides
that
have
a
proven
negative
effect
on
non-target
aquatic
organisms
when
they
enter
the
surface
waters.
However,
literature
comparative
effects
of
these
pesticides
important
aquaculture
fish
species,
such
as
common
carp
(Cyprinus
carpio
Linnaeus,
1758)
is
not
yet
scientifically
detailed,
especially
over
long-term.
The
idea
conducting
long-term
exposure
to
find
out
how
observed
biomarkers
would
change
compared
short-term
exposure.
In
natural
environment,
toxicants
present
alone,
but
in
combination.
By
monitoring
impact
individual
substances,
state
ecosystems
exposed
various
could
be
predicted.
Thus,
this
study
aimed
evaluate
toxicity
different
concentrations
CYP
(0.0002,
0.0003,
0.0006
μg/L)
CPF
(0.03,
0.05,
0.10
50-L
glass
tanks
C.
carpio,
for
30
days
under
laboratory
conditions.
A
set
histological
biochemical
gills
liver
were
applied
with
chemical
analyses
water
organs.
Furthermore,
condition
hepatosomatic
index
calculated
assess
physiological
status
treated
carps.
behavioral
responses
also
monitored,
respiration
rate
was
analyzed.
results
suggest
had
more
prominent
structure
organs,
anti-oxidant
enzymes,
behavior,
CPF.
addition,
indicate
susceptible
chronic
chemically
induced
cellular
stress
gills,
overall
destructive
changes
rather
than
adaptive.
Regardless
scenario,
our
provide
novel
insights
into
pesticide
possible
biological
impacts
economically
freshwater
fish,
lower
concentrations,
based
EU
legislation
(maximum
allowable
MAC-EQS).
Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
289(1968)
Published: Feb. 9, 2022
Pharmaceutical
pollutants
pose
a
threat
to
aquatic
ecosystems
worldwide.
Yet,
few
studies
have
considered
the
interaction
between
pharmaceuticals
and
other
chronic
stressors
contemporaneously,
even
though
environmental
challenges
confronting
animals
in
wild
seldom,
if
ever,
occur
isolation.
Thermal
stress
is
one
such
challenge
that
may
modify
of
pharmaceutical
pollutants.
Accordingly,
we
investigated
how
fluoxetine
(Prozac),
common
psychotherapeutic
widespread
pollutant,
interacts
with
temperature
affect
life-history
traits
water
flea,
Daphnia
magna
.
We
chronically
exposed
two
genotypes
ecological
relevant
concentrations
(30
ng
l
−1
300
)
concentration
representing
levels
used
acute
toxicity
tests
(3000
quantified
change
phenotypic
trajectories
at
temperatures
(20°C
25°C).
Across
multiple
traits,
found
exposure
impacted
fecundity,
body
size
intrinsic
growth
rate
non-monotonic
manner
20°C,
often
genotypic-specific
ways.
At
25°C,
however,
phenotypes
individuals
converged
under
widely
varying
fluoxetine,
irrespective
genotype.
Our
study
underscores
importance
considering
complexity
interactions
can
when
assessing
effects
chemical
on
traits.
