Disturbance
in
ecosystem
balance
is
increasing
drastically
due
to
human
interferences.
Different
kinds
of
toxins
are
continuously
being
released
into
the
environment
from
various
sources;
few
naturally
produced
like
cyanotoxins,
and
rest
industries
or
other
activities.
Living
organisms,
including
humans,
come
contact
with
during
their
lifetime.
To
understand
level
toxicity
mechanism
action,
ecotoxicological
evaluation
these
environmental
stressors
necessary.
Selecting/creating
an
ideal
model
system
for
screening
a
major
concern
among
scientist.
At
present,
animal
models
mice,
rats,
fish,
etc.,
different
cell
lines
used
toxicological
potential
stressors.
Mammalian
widely
predict
toxic
effects
on
cellular
level,
especially
perspective.
at
organism
used.
This
chapter
reviews
benefits
drawbacks
teleost,
algae,
mammalian
over
lines.
will
also
help
vitality
systems
choosing
suitable
ones
Toxics,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9(12), P. 340 - 340
Published: Dec. 8, 2021
Pesticides
such
as
endosulfan,
heptachlor
and
dieldrin
persist
in
aquatic
environments
a
result
of
their
resistance
to
biodegradation.
However,
there
is
no
adequate
information
about
the
toxicity
organism,
African
catfish
(Clarias
gariepinus)—a
high
valued
widely
distributed
commercially
interesting
species.
The
current
experiment
was
performed
with
aim
determine
median
lethal
concentration
(LC50)
gariepinus);
behavioral
abnormalities
histopathological
alterations
several
vital
organs.
A
total
324
juvenile
fish
were
exposed
for
96
h
six
concentrations
endosulfan
at
0,
0.001,
0.002,
0.004,
0.008
0.016
ppm,
0.02,
0.04,
0.08,
0.16
0.32
ppm
dose-response
tests.
study
demonstrated
that
species
highly
susceptible
those
contaminants
showing
number
changes
gill,
liver
muscle.
96-h
LC50
value
found
0.004
(0.001−0.01)
mg/L,
0.006
mg/L
0.056
(0.006−0.144)
respectively.
Abnormal
behaviors
erratic
jerky
swimming,
frequent
surfacing
movement
gulping
air,
secretion
mucus
on
body
gills
observed
response
increasing
exposure
concentrations.
Histopathological
liver,
gill
muscle
tissues
vacuolization
hepatocytes,
congestion
red
blood
cells
(RBCs)
hepatic
portal
vein;
deformed
secondary
lamellae
disintegrated
myotomes
epidermis,
These
findings
are
important
monitor
responsibly
manage
pesticide
use
around
C.
gariepinus
aquacultural
areas.
Behavior-modifying
drugs,
such
as
antidepressants,
are
increasingly
being
detected
in
waterways
and
aquatic
wildlife
around
the
globe.
Typically,
behavioral
effects
of
these
contaminants
assessed
using
animals
tested
social
isolation.
However,
for
group-living
species,
seen
isolation
may
not
reflect
those
occurring
realistic
settings.
Furthermore,
interactions
between
chemical
pollution
other
stressors,
predation
risk,
seldom
considered.
This
is
true
even
though
wild
rarely,
if
ever,
confronted
by
a
single
stressor.
Here,
2
year
multigenerational
experiment,
we
antidepressant
fluoxetine
(measured
concentrations
[±SD]:
42.27
±
36.14
359.06
262.65
ng/L)
on
shoaling
behavior
guppies
(Poecilia
reticulata)
across
different
contexts
under
varying
levels
perceived
risk.
Shoaling
propensity
shoal
choice
(choice
groups
with
densities)
were
Y-maze
presence
predatory
or
nonpredatory
heterospecific,
individually
male-female
pairs.
When
individually,
no
effect
was
behavior.
paired
trials,
high-fluoxetine-exposed
fish
exhibited
significantly
greater
propensity.
Hence,
mediated
context,
highlighting
importance
this
fundamental
but
rarely
considered
factor
when
evaluating
impacts
environmental
pollution.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
248, P. 114290 - 114290
Published: Nov. 17, 2022
Global
warming
and
environmental
pollution
threaten
aquatic
ecosystems.
While
interactive
effects
between
both
stressors
can
have
more
than
additive
consequences,
these
remain
poorly
studied
for
most
taxa.
Especially
chronic
exposure
trials
with
vertebrates
are
scarce
due
to
the
high
time-
monetary
costs
of
such
studies.
We
use
recently-established
fish
model
Nothobranchius
furzeri
assess
separate
combined
pesticide
chlorpyrifos
(at
2
µg/L
4
µg/L)
a
°C
temperature
increase.
performed
full
life-cycle
assessment
evaluate
fitness-related
endpoints
including
survival,
total
body
length,
maturation
time,
fecundity,
critical
thermal
maximum
(CTmax)
locomotor
activity.
Exposure
slowed
down
male
maturation,
reduced
fecundity
impaired
growth
fish.
increase
did
not
affect
any
measured
on
its
own,
combination
CPF
an
severely
almost
no
offspring
production.
Together,
findings
suggest
that
climate
change
may
exacerbate
impact
pollution,
multiple
should
be
considered
predict
how
populations
will
affected
by
ongoing
global
change.
Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11, P. 100350 - 100350
Published: Aug. 1, 2023
The
prevalence
of
pesticides
in
the
aquatic
environment
continues
to
increase
due
anthropogenic
activities
and
poses
a
threat
organisms.
Notably,
intensive
use
can
cause
detrimental
effects
(i.e.,
chemical
stressors)
on
animal
behavior.
aim
this
study
was
determine
short-term
exposure
(5-day)
an
environmentally
relevant
pesticide
mixture
(low-
high-dose:
metolachlor
2.4
12
μg/L;
linuron
2.0
10
isoproturon
1.2
6.0
tebucanazole
alconifen
0.8
4.0
atrazine
0.4
pendimethalin;
azinphos-methyl
μg/L)
fish
swimming
behaviors.
Results
indicated
that
low
dose
decreased
distance
swam
goldfish.
Spatial
behavior
also
altered
during
exposure,
with
increased
time
spent
lowest
horizontal
region
aquariums
both
low-
high-dose
groups.
In
vertical
spatial
analysis,
all
groups
showed
lowered
amounts
middle
aquariums,
especially
Collectively,
these
data
indicate
significantly
alters
free-swimming
teleost
species.
