Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 918 - 918

Published: March 16, 2023

The most common cause of acquired thyroid dysfunction is autoimmune disease, which an organ-specific disease with two presentation phenotypes: hyperthyroidism (Graves-Basedow disease) and hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). Hashimoto’s thyroiditis distinguished by the presence autoantibodies against peroxidase thyroglobulin. Meanwhile, TSH receptor have been found in Graves-Basedow disease. Numerous susceptibility genes, as well epigenetic environmental factors, contribute to pathogenesis both diseases. This review summarizes genetic, epigenetic, mechanisms involved

Language: Английский

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Regulatory Mechanism of M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in the Development of Autoimmune Diseases

Mediators of Inflammation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023, P. 1 - 20

Published: June 8, 2023

Macrophages are innate immune cells in the organism and can be found almost tissues organs. They highly plastic heterogeneous participate response, thereby playing a crucial role maintaining homeostasis of body. It is well known that undifferentiated macrophages polarize into classically activated (M1 macrophages) alternatively (M2 under different microenvironmental conditions. The directions macrophage polarization regulated by series factors, including interferon, lipopolysaccharide, interleukin, noncoding RNAs. To elucidate various autoimmune diseases, we searched literature on with PubMed database. Search terms as follows: macrophages, polarization, signaling pathways, RNA, inflammation, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, nephritis, Sjogren’s syndrome, Guillain-Barré multiple sclerosis. In present study, summarize common diseases. addition, also features recent advances particular focus immunotherapeutic potential diseases potentially effective therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019

EClinicalMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64, P. 102193 - 102193

Published: Sept. 9, 2023

The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific rarely studied. study aims to investigate pattern trend 1990 2019.We collected detailed information on six major IMIDs, including asthma, bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, between 2019, derived Global Burden Disease in 2019. average annual percent change (AAPC) number incidents age standardized rate (ASR) by sex, age, region, causes, were calculated quantify temporal trends.In disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% overall new cases, respectively. ASR showed substantial regional global variation with highest High SDI High-income North America, United States America. Throughout human lifespan, distribution incident cases was quite different. Globally, increased an AAPC 0.68 decreased -0.34 across arthritis (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while asthma (AAPC = -0.41), -0.72), sclerosis -0.26), psoriasis -0.77), dermatitis -0.15) decreased. individual IMID at level. Countries higher experienced a more rapid decrease ASR.The patterns varied considerably world. Innovative prevention integrative management strategy urgently needed mitigate increasing upsurging other five respectively.The Study is funded Bill Melinda Gates Foundation. project Scientific Research Fund Sichuan Academy Medical Sciences & Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38).

Language: Английский

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Large-scale genome-wide association studies reveal the genetic causal etiology between air pollutants and autoimmune diseases

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: April 29, 2024

Abstract Background Epidemiological evidence links a close correlation between long-term exposure to air pollutants and autoimmune diseases, while the causality remained unknown. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) was used investigate role of PM10, PM2.5, NO 2 , X (N = 423,796–456,380) in 15 diseases 14,890–314,995) using data from large European GWASs including UKB, FINNGEN, IMSGC, IPSCSG. Multivariable (MVMR) conducted direct effect each pollutant mediating common factors, body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption, smoking status, household income. Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS), two-step MR, colocalization analyses were performed explore underlying mechanisms pollution diseases. Results In TSMR, after correction multiple testing, hypothyroidism causally associated with higher [odds ratio (OR): 1.37, p 9.08 × 10 –4 ] [OR: 1.34, 2.86 –3 ], ulcerative colitis (UC) 2.24, 1.23 –2 PM2.5 2.60, 5.96 rheumatoid arthritis 1.72, 1.50 systemic lupus erythematosus 4.92, 6.89 celiac disease lower 0.14, 6.74 0.17, 3.18 ]. The risky effects on UC significant MVMR adjusting for other pollutants. revealed several mediators Transcriptional analysis identified specific gene transcripts pathways interconnecting Two-step MR that POR, HSPA1B, BRD2 might mediate POR pQTL (rs59882870, PPH4=1.00) strongly colocalized Conclusion This research underscores necessity rigorous surveillance within public health curb prevalence Graphical abstract (Built by Biorender)

Language: Английский

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Myeloperoxidase-specific antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis

The Lancet Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(5), P. e300 - e313

Published: April 1, 2024

Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-specific antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis) is one of two major ANCA-associated variants characterised by systemic necrotising with few or no immune deposits. MPO-ANCA-associated predominantly affects small blood vessels and, in contrast to its counterpart proteinase 3-ANCA-associated vasculitis, generally not associated granulomatous inflammation. The kidneys and lungs are the most commonly affected organs. pathogenesis loss tolerance neutrophil enzyme MPO. This leads a chronic immunopathological response where neutrophils become both target effector autoimmunity. MPO-ANCA drives activation, leading turn tissue organ damage. Clinical trials have improved therapeutic approach vasculitis. However, there remains substantial unmet need regarding relapse frequency, toxicity current treatment, long-term morbidity. In this Series paper, we present state research pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment

Language: Английский

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Heat of the night: sleep disturbance activates inflammatory mechanisms and induces pain in rheumatoid arthritis

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(9), P. 545 - 559

Published: July 24, 2023

Language: Английский

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Advances in research on immunocyte iron metabolism, ferroptosis, and their regulatory roles in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(7)

Published: July 4, 2024

Abstract Autoimmune diseases commonly affect various systems, but their etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Currently, increasing research has highlighted the role of ferroptosis in immune regulation, with cells being a crucial component body’s system. This review provides an overview discusses relationship between ferroptosis, programmed cell death cells, autoimmune diseases. Additionally, it summarizes key targets such as GPX4 TFR, responses. Furthermore, release multiple molecules, including damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), following by is examined, these molecules further influence differentiation function thereby affecting occurrence progression Moreover, secrete factors or metabolites, which also impact target organs tissues involved Iron chelators, chloroquine its derivatives, antioxidants, calreticulin have been demonstrated to be effective animal studies for certain diseases, exerting anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory effects. Finally, brief summary future perspectives on are provided, aiming guide disease treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes in Autoimmune Diseases: A Review of Mechanisms and Diagnostic Applications

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 68(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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Mitochondria in cutaneous health, disease, ageing and rejuvenation—the 3PM-guided mitochondria-centric dermatology

The EPMA Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Association of both intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors leading to accelerated skin ageing is reflected in excessive ROS production ir/reversible mitochondrial injury burnout, as abundantly demonstrated by accumulating research data. Due the critical role stress pathophysiology disorders, maintained (primary care) restored (secondary health, rejuvenation homoeostasis are considered most effective holistic approach advance dermatological treatments based on systemic health-supportive stimulating measures. Per evidence, an anti-ageing protection, wound healing scarring quality - all strongly depend sustainable functionality well-balanced homoeostasis. The latter can be objectively measured and, if necessary, a manner pre- rehabilitation algorithms tailored individualised patient profiles. entire spectrum corresponding innovations area includes natural rejuvenation, aesthetic reconstructive medicine, protection targeted disorders. Contextually, mitochondria-centric dermatology instrumental for advanced 3PM-guided which makes good use predictive multi-level diagnostics against health-to-disease transition progression relevant Cost-effective new treatment avenues focused health physiologic proposed article including in-depth analysis cases exemplified care with detailed mechanisms expert recommendations presented.

Language: Английский

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Advanced methods and novel biomarkers in autoimmune diseases ‑ a review of the recent years progress in systemic lupus erythematosus

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 23, 2023

There are several autoimmune and rheumatic diseases affecting different organs of the human body. Multiple sclerosis (MS) mainly affects brain, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joints, Type 1 diabetes (T1D) pancreas, Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) salivary glands, while systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) almost every organ Autoimmune characterized by production autoantibodies, activation immune cells, increased expression pro-inflammatory cytokines, type I interferons. Despite improvements in treatments diagnostic tools, time it takes for patients to be diagnosed is too long, main treatment these still non-specific anti-inflammatory drugs. Thus, there an urgent need better biomarkers, as well tailored, personalized treatment. This review focus on SLE affected this disease. We have used results from various involved with aim identify advanced methods possible biomarkers utilized diagnosis SLE, disease monitoring, response

Language: Английский

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