Taguatagua 3: A new late Pleistocene settlement in a highly suitable lacustrine habitat in central Chile (34°S)

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. e0302465 - e0302465

Published: May 22, 2024

We present the results of excavations and analyses diverse exceptional archaeological assemblage Taguatagua 3, a new late Pleistocene site located in ancient Tagua lake Central Chile (34°S). The anthropogenic context is constrained coherently dated stratigraphic deposit which adds information about mobility, subsistence strategies, settlement early hunter-gatherers southern South America. age model constructed, as well radiocarbon dates obtained directly from combustion structure, indicate that human occupation occurred over brief time span around 12,440–12,550 cal yr BP. Considering taphonomic, geoarchaeological, lithic, archaeobotanical, zooarchaeological evidence, spatial distribution combined with ethnographic data, we interpret 3 logistic temporary camp associated mainly gomphothere hunting butchering. Nevertheless, several other activities were carried out here well, such hide and/or bone preparation, small vertebrate plant processing consumption, red ochre grinding. Botanical eggshell remains suggest anthropic during dry season. contemporaneous sites recorded basin, conclude was key location along region’s hunter-gatherer mobility circuits. In this context, it acted recurrent hunting/scavenging place Late due to its abundant, diverse, predictable resources.

Language: Английский

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Interconnected Disaster Risks 2023: Risk Tipping Points

Published: Oct. 25, 2023

The 2023 Interconnected Disaster Risks report examines six immediate and increasing risks across the world: accelerating extinctions of species, depletion groundwater resources, retreat mountain glaciers, growing number places facing uninhabitable temperatures, rise in uninsurability amount space debris. Through literature review expert consultation, we define “risk tipping points” for each cases, representing point at which a given socioecological system ceases to buffer provide its expected functions, after risk catastrophic impacts increases substantially. Our analysis also includes highlight on interconnectivity root causes drivers that are pushing these systems their point, as well influence other compounding cascading into systems, now future. findings indicate human actions causing increased risks, discuss potential behavior value changes will be necessary address them. This proposes new framework classify effectiveness solutions help us points. Solutions fall two main categories: Avoid target avoid crossing points altogether, adapt prepare or better negative case they cannot avoided, seek resulting an attempt live with Within category, there options actions: Delay work within existing “business usual” slow down progression towards possible worst impacts. Transform involve fundamental re-imagining itself. Out different categories, it is transformative have move away from future multiplying points, but require most societal personal change. Therefore, highlights overall can make our behaviours values would transform way use reduce risk. These include shift zero waste, closer connection nature, global cooperation trust, consideration generations, shifting economic model less focused growth more well-being planetary boundaries. Addressing requires fundamentally change how perceive world around gives responsibility care it. We must design recognizes much need all working together survival; otherwise, find ourselves where continue multiply. choice ours. power act create want.

Language: Английский

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Recent fire in a Mediterranean ecosystem strengthens hoverfly populations and their interaction networks with plants

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Fire affects many critical ecological processes, including pollination, and effects of climate change on fire regimes may have profound consequences that are difficult to predict. Considerable work has examined pollinator diversity, but relatively few studies these interaction networks those pollinators other than bees. We the a severe wildfire hoverfly in Mediterranean island system. Using data collected over 3 consecutive years at burnt unburnt sites, we documented differences species abundance, functional traits, as well interactions with flowering plants. Hoverfly abundance richness peaked during first post-fire season (year 1), which coincided presence opportunistic species. Also year 1, pollination were larger, less specialized, more nested, modular (vs. unburnt) sites; furthermore, exhibited higher phylogenetic host-plant diversity. These declined next 2 years, sites converging similarity communities networks. While obtained provide clear timeline initial recovery, emphasize importance longer-term monitoring for understanding responses natural wildfires, projected become frequent destructive future.

Language: Английский

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Engaging citizens to monitor pollinators through a nationwide BioBlitz: Lessons learned and challenges remaining after four years

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 300, P. 110868 - 110868

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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A tale of two mistletoes: phenology and fauna associated with two sympatric species

Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 102(3), P. 98 - 107

Published: May 29, 2023

Mistletoes are parasitic plants that largely rely on animals for pollination and seed dispersal but establish complex interactions with their host plants. considered keystone species in forest ecosystems as they facilitate several interactions. We studied the fauna associated two sympatric mistletoe ( Tristerix corymbosus (L.) Kuijt Desmaria mutabilis (Poepp. & Endl.) Tiegh.) from temperate rainforests of southern Chile. set 40 camera traps November 2021 to May 2022 monitor main pollinator (the hummingbird Sephanoides sephaniodes (R. Lesson Garnot, 1827)), disperser arboreal marsupial Dromiciops bozinovici D’Elía, Hurtado D’Anatro, 2016), other (birds, mammals, reptiles, insects). compared between spring summer–fall periods during summer–fall. Species composition showed a significant temporal variation, mainly explained by bozinovici, which more abundant period. found animal differences were S. sephaniodes, insects. While was pollinated hummingbirds, insects frequently visited flowers. Although both mistletoes have many similarities, also some phenology affect associations animals, potentially influencing ecological processes.

Language: Английский

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Taxonomy and nomenclature of the giant hummingbirds (Patagona spp.) (Aves: Trochilidae)

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 5, 2024

Abstract Giant hummingbirds ( Patagona spp.) are extraordinarily large whose taxonomy has been muddled for two centuries. systematics were recently redefined in a study of migration, physiology, and genomics, revealing species: the Southern Hummingbird Northern Hummingbird. Here, we re-evaluate nomenclature genus light its newly-clarified biology species limits, analyzing data from 608 specimens wild-caught individuals spanning 1864–2023. The forms gigas peruviana both described based on multiple syntypes. No adequate syntypes P. extant, so designate neotype this taxon. We then critically consider identity usage , respectively, examine identification challenges that have fostered taxonomic uncertainty. endorse names genetic lectotype remains untested, but plumage appears to match northern species. found ∼33% major museum collections misidentified as ; provide list correct historical record. To facilitate future these cryptic species, comprehensive information plumage, measurements, seasonal ranges.

Language: Английский

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The relative importance of local versus regional habitat structure variation on the abundance of two generalist mutualists along a forest disturbance gradient

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 54, P. e03160 - e03160

Published: Aug. 23, 2024

Mutualistic interactions are key to biodiversity generation and maintenance, being pollination seed dispersal essential for plant reproduction. However, anthropogenic habitat disturbance can alter these interactions. We studied the regional local effects of on two generalist mutualist animals southern Chile temperate rainforests: hummingbird Sephanoides sephaniodes marsupial Dromiciops gliroides, which perform roles as pollinator disperser, respectively. sampled 12 sites corresponding four conditions (mature native forest, secondary forest under selective logging, exotic plantations) in we estimated number S. D. gliroides records (as a proxy relative abundance) using camera traps. measured seven structure variables at each site, known influence their occurrence. Specifically, examined abundance variation (i) scale (among conditions) (ii) sampling sites). decreased increased, but was highly variable. At scale, abundances were largely variable among sites, influenced by structural features, such bamboo shrub cover woody debris. Our results show that although may abundances, they tolerate if minimum resource requirements met, respond idiosyncratically conditions. Examining local-scale variability provide valuable information ecological processes, often goes unnoticed when considered replicates landscape-level studies.

Language: Английский

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Los colibríes y su importancia en la conservación de bosques tropicales

Journal de Ciencia e Ingeniería, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 15 - 23

Published: Dec. 31, 2023

Los colibríes se caracterizan por ser aves que alimentan principalmente de néctar y exclusivas del continente americano. Estos trochilidos desempeñan un rol importante dentro los ecosistemas puesto encargan la polinización más 100 especies angiospermas. rasgos funcionales presentan estas encuentran estrechamente relacionadas con las plantas visitan, formando interacciones planta-colibrí favorecen dinámicas ecológicas en el proceso polinización, sin embargo, pueden ver afectadas transformaciones a causa cambios uso tierra alteran coberturas boscosas nativas zonas para ganadería cultivos, entre ellos departamento Cauca, sitio ha sufrido grandes lo largo años.

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