From childhood adversity to latent stress vulnerability in adulthood: the mediating roles of sleep disturbances and HPA axis dysfunction

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(10), P. 1425 - 1435

Published: June 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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Fear extinction retention in children, adolescents, and adults

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 71, P. 101509 - 101509

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Addressing Mental Health Concerns in Refugees and Displaced Populations: Is Enough Being Done?

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: Volume 15, P. 909 - 922

Published: May 1, 2022

Abstract: There are over 82.4 million forcibly displaced people worldwide, about a quarter of whom resettling as refugees. In the wake global refugee crisis spurred by conflict, religious and political persecution, human rights violations, climate disasters, mental health has followed. Not only does trauma experienced in home countries part forced migration affect health, so too do post-migration traumatic events, discrimination, lack access to quality affordable healthcare housing, acculturation. To address concerns refugees populations, collective action is needed not from care providers but also researchers, funders, journals, resettlement agencies, government entities, humanitarian organizations. The present review highlights work numerous scholars organizations with goal understanding persons within across ecological systems. seeks bring attention experiences persons, summarize growing body research acute chronic effects displacement possible interventions, give call for all members community at every level engage joint efforts improve persons. Notably, there need more interventions familial that serve treatment prevention. Smartphone-based mind-body modalities, delivered lay non-clinician hold promise. Numerous strides could be made when funding agencies include these goals their priorities. Despite challenges they have faced, who resettle incredibly resilient deserve afforded right, opportunity, dignity, respect. Keywords: refugees, trauma, PTSD, intervention

Language: Английский

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The cerebellum contributes to context-effects during fear extinction learning: A 7T fMRI study

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 253, P. 119080 - 119080

Published: March 9, 2022

The cerebellum is involved in the acquisition and consolidation of learned fear responses. Knowledge about its contribution to extinction learning, however, sparse. Extinction processes likely involve erasure memories, but there ample evidence that at least part original memory remains. We asked question whether persists within following training. renewal effect, reoccurrence extinguished during recall a context different from context, constitutes one phenomena indicating responses not fully erased performed differential AB-A/B conditioning paradigm 7-Tesla (7T) MRI system 31 young healthy men. On day 1, training was A B. 2, tested contexts As expected, participants predict CS+ followed by an aversive electric shock Skin conductance (SCRs) were significantly higher compared CS- end acquisition. Differences SCRs vanished reoccurred renewal. Fitting SCR data, deep neural network model trained correct value for given stimulus context. Event-related fMRI analysis with model-derived prediction values as parametric modulations showed significant effects on activation posterolateral (lobules VI Crus I) recall. Since differ based (CS+ CS-) recall, data provide support context-related associations. Likewise, mean β highest lobules I bilaterally related early similar pattern seen vermis, only trend level. Thus, remains found cerebellar activations which reflect associative non-associative aspects task. Cerebellar activations, CS-. never shock, may contribute learning CS, example safety cue.

Language: Английский

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Economic hardship and adolescent behavioral outcomes: Within- and between-family associations

Development and Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 18

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Abstract Understanding how youth perceive household economic hardship and it relates to their behavior is vital given associations between behavioral development. Yet, most studies ignore youth’s own perceptions of hardship, instead relying solely on caregiver reports. Moreover, the literature has tended treat as a stable force over time, rather than volatile one that varies month-to-month. This study addressed extant limitations by collecting monthly measures specifically caregiver- youth-reported material deprivation financial stress, internalizing externalizing problems from 104 youth–caregiver dyads (youth: 14–16 years, 55% female, 37% Black, 43% White) nine months. We examined month-to-month variability these constructs youth-reports stress predicted problems, controlling for caregiver-reports deprivation. found varied (ICCs = 0.69–0.73), positively when examining both within- between-individual ( β .19–.47). Youth-reported within-individual variation in .18), while reports looking families .41). Caregiver-reported was unrelated accounting hardship.

Language: Английский

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Pavlovian safety learning: An integrative theoretical review

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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Safety learning and the Pavlovian conditioned inhibition of fear in humans: Current state and future directions

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 127, P. 659 - 674

Published: May 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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Watching with Argus eyes: Characterization of emotional and physiological responding in adults exposed to childhood maltreatment and/or recent adversity

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 60(7)

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Abstract Exposure to adverse experiences is a well‐established major risk factor for affective psychopathology. The vulnerability of deleterious sequelae assumed in maladaptive processes the defensive system, particularly emotional processing. More specifically, childhood maltreatment has been suggested be associated with recruitment specific and distinct response profiles. To date, it remains unclear whether these are or generalizable recent adversity adulthood. This pre‐registered study aimed investigate impact exposure on processing 685 healthy adults “Affective Startle Modulation” Paradigm (ASM). First, we replicated higher trait anxiety depression levels individuals exposed both types adversity. Second, observed increased general skin conductance reactivity Third, showed reduced, while discrimination between pictures negative neutral valence, compared non‐exposed SCR. No association fear potentiated startle was observed. Furthermore, explorative analyses revealed moderate dimensional categorical agreement two questionnaires provide insight into potential adversity‐type effects. Our results support experience‐dependent plasticity sympathetic nervous system suggest profiles modulation early versus We emphasize need further explore our understanding psychophysiological their implication prevention intervention.

Language: Английский

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Strong mind, strong body: The promise of mind–body interventions to address growing mental health needs among youth

Mental Health Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(2), P. 58 - 66

Published: March 22, 2023

Abstract As the prevalence of childhood and adolescent anxiety, depression, other mental health concerns continues to rise, there has been an unprecedented increase in support mind–body practices like yoga, dance, meditation, mindfulness, aerobic exercise, more—in part driven by burden imposed COVID‐19 pandemic. While a growing body evidence supports safety effectiveness approaches, gaps funding for empirical research on mechanistic underpinnings, methodology development assess multicomponent therapeutic practices, dissemination implementation, diversity researchers, practitioners, recipients remain. consequence, neurobiological impacts techniques are not well understood nor broadly accepted as standard forms care clinicians insurers—often being considered “alternative” rather than “complementary” or “integrative.” In this commentary, we summarize work from our labs others highlighting promise approaches improving youth, line with National Institute Mental Health's strategic plan address disparities. We offer potential framework implementation research—the Expressive Therapies Continuum. also propose solutions key policy gaps, that could have positive public those who struggling prevent emergence psychiatric illness, especially developing youth.

Language: Английский

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Person-centered analyses reveal that developmental adversity at moderate levels and neural threat/safety discrimination are associated with lower anxiety in early adulthood

Communications Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: March 5, 2025

Parsing heterogeneity in the nature of adversity exposure and neurobiological functioning may facilitate better understanding how shapes individual variation risk for resilience against anxiety. One putative mechanism linking with anxiety is disrupted threat safety learning. Here, we applied a person-centered approach (latent profile analysis) to characterize patterns at specific developmental stages threat/safety discrimination corticolimbic circuitry 120 young adults. We then compared resultant profiles differed symptoms. Three latent emerged: (1) group lower lifetime adversity, higher neural activation threat, safety; (2) moderate during middle childhood adolescence, (3) minimal both safety. Individuals second had than other profiles. These findings demonstrate variability within-person combinations can differentially relate anxiety, suggest that some individuals, adolescence could be associated processes foster future

Language: Английский

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