Frontiers in Animal Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5
Published: Dec. 17, 2024
It
has
been
suggested
that
evolution
of
domesticated
phenotypes
may
have
evolved
as
a
result
correlated
selection
responses
to
reduced
fear,
prominent
feature
in
early
domestication.
To
investigate
whether
domestication
changes
social
preferences
can
be
attributed
increased
tameness,
we
studied
two
lines
Red
Junglefowl,
ancestors
chickens,
bidirectionally
selected
during
12
generations
for
high
(HF)
or
low
(LF)
fear
humans
and
compared
the
differences
between
these
those
unselected
Junglefowl
(RJF)
White
Leghorn
egg
layers
(WL).
One
bird
at
time
was
observed
on
its
own
min
an
arena
with
one
adjacent
pen
behind
netting
each
side.
pens
contained
familiar
birds,
other
unfamiliar
birds.
Towards
end
observation
period,
sudden
stressful
stimulus
displayed,
reactions
breeds
this
well.
Male
RJF
spent
more
close
birds
than
WL,
performed
agonistic
behaviour,
but
not
mirrored
For
females,
it
WL
most
behaviour.
Both
LF
males
showed
non-agonistic
exploration
HF
respectively.
emitted
food
calls
We
conclude
several
were
lines,
behaving
like
WL.
This
is
line
hypothesis
tameness
driven
related
behaviour
against
conspecifics.
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 19
Published: March 10, 2025
Interoception
-
the
sense
of
body
includes
perception
visceral
signals
and
its
integration
with
many
other
information
in
central
nervous
system.
Hypnotizability
levels
are
associated
interoceptive
accuracy
sensitivity,
likely
due
to
different
insula
gray
matter
volume,
availability
vascular
nitric
oxide
during
sensory
cognitive
tasks
peripheral
arteries
brain.
This
theoretical
review
deals
relevance
possible
hypnotizability-related
at
various
system
interoception
and,
consequently,
physiological
pathological
conditions,
such
as
emotion,
sleep
disturbance,
eating
behavior,
cardiovascular
illness.
Moreover,
suggests
that
hypnotic
assessment
could
be
a
predictor
efficacy
therapies
based
on
improvement
interoception.
Pain and Therapy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 17, 2025
This
systematic
review
aims
to
reassess
the
expanding
role
of
cerebellum
in
pain
perception,
challenging
its
traditional
and
simplistic
association
with
motor
domain.
Pain
perception
is
a
complex
experience
shaped
by
sensory,
emotional,
cognitive
factors,
recent
findings
underlining
cerebellum's
influence
over
these
systems.
paper
evaluates
from
24
relevant
studies
elucidate
key
regard
their
potential
clinical
applications.
The
processing
assessed
through
interaction
nociceptive
pathways,
anticipation,
intonation
pain-related
emotional
responses.
Key
cerebellar
regions
such
as
Crus
I,
lobules
VI
VIII,
vermis,
are
persistently
activated
during
anticipation.
These
linked
sensory-discriminative
affective-motivational
elements
pain.
Studies
on
patients
migraines,
chronic
low
back
pain,
irritable
bowel
syndrome
(IBS)
demonstrated
increased
activation,
suggesting
conditions.
Non-invasive
neurostimulation
techniques,
transcranial
direct
current
stimulation
(tDCS)
repetitive
magnetic
(rTMS),
administered
onto
regions,
show
modulation
application.
Future
research
should
aim
standardise
methodologies,
explore
acute
investigate
long-term
effects
cerebellar-targeted
treatments.
Understanding
multifaceted
can
advance
diagnostic
therapeutic
strategies,
offering
more
comprehensive
approach
management.
underscores
need
for
further
investigation
into
mechanisms
applications,
potentially
transforming
treatment
paradigms.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: April 8, 2025
Abstract
Several
cortical
regions,
such
as
the
cerebellum,
posterior
parietal
cortex
(PPC),
anterior
cingulate
(ACC),
and
primary
motor
(M1),
play
critical
roles
in
postural
adaptation.
However,
studies
examining
effects
of
transcranial
direct
current
stimulation
(tDCS)
on
adaptation
healthy
individuals
are
limited
often
yield
inconsistent
findings,
making
it
challenging
to
draw
definitive
conclusions.
Most
research
has
focused
individual
brain
leaving
a
gap
understanding
how
PPC,
ACC,
M1
differentially
contribute
Identifying
most
effective
regions
for
could
optimize
rehabilitation
strategies
with
control
impairments.
Thus,
this
study
compared
tDCS
over
these
specific
This
parallel,
randomized,
double-blinded,
controlled
trial
involved
75
participants,
divided
into
five
groups:
anodal
M1,
or
sham
group.
Each
group
received
20
min
single
session.
Center
pressure
(COP)
displacement,
path
length,
velocity,
standard
deviation
(SD)
were
measured
across
three
trials
anteroposterior
(AP)
direction
during
standing
disturbed
using
vibrators
attached
bilateral
Achilles
tendons.
A
repeated
measure
ANOVA
was
used
assess
within-group
effects,
while
one-way
between-group
differences.
Between-group
analysis
did
not
reveal
statistically
significant
differences
both
vibration
post-vibration
phases.
Nonetheless,
revealed
enhancements
PPC
cerebellum
groups
phase.
Specifically,
demonstrated
reductions
COP
displacement
(
P
=
0.005),
length
0.018),
SD
0.045)
trials.
Similarly,
cerebellar
group,
improvements
noted
0.044),
velocity
0.006),
phase
plane
0.016)
In
contrast,
no
changes
found
either
conclusion,
intergroup
comparisons
significant,
intra-group
that
significantly
enhanced
Incorporating
training
programs
improve
control,
potentially
reducing
fall
risk
clinical
populations
older
adults
neurological
dysfunction.
RCT
registration
:
On
Iranian
Registry
Clinical
Trials
(IRCT20220819055745N1).
Registration
date:
15/11/2022.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 8, 2024
Abstract
The
capacity
of
the
brain
to
compensate
for
insults
during
development
depends
on
type
cell
loss,
whereas
consequences
genetic
mutations
in
same
neurons
are
difficult
predict.
We
reveal
powerful
compensation
from
outside
cerebellum
when
excitatory
cerebellar
output
ablated
embryonically
and
demonstrate
that
minimum
requirement
these
is
motor
coordination
not
learning
social
behaviors.
In
contrast,
loss
homeobox
transcription
factors
Engrailed1/2
(EN1/2)
lineage
leads
additional
deficits
adult
spatial
working
memory,
despite
half
being
intact.
Diffusion
MRI
indicates
increased
thalamo-cortico-striatal
connectivity
En1/2
mutants,
showing
remaining
lacking
exert
adverse
effects
extracerebellar
circuits
regulating
select
non-motor
Thus,
an
absence
less
disruptive
than
having
mutations.
