Antibody and B Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination: The End of the Beginning

Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 69 - 97

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

As the COVID-19 pandemic has evolved during past years, interactions between human immune systems, rapidly mutating and selected SARS-CoV-2 viral variants, effective vaccines have complicated landscape of individual immunological histories. Here, we review some key findings for antibody B cell-mediated immunity, including responses to highly mutated omicron variants; imprinting other impacts successive antigenic variant exposures on cell memory; in secondary lymphoid mucosal tissues non-neutralizing antibody-mediated immunity; populations vulnerable severe disease such as those with cancer, immunodeficiencies, comorbidities, well showing apparent resistance many African populations; evidence involvement postacute sequelae infection or long COVID. Despite initial phase ending, will continue face challenges presented by this unpredictable virus.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Antibody Response after Booster Vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infections and Disease Outcomes in Advanced Cancer Patients: A Prospective Analysis of the Vax-on-Third Study

Current Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(5), P. 5103 - 5115

Published: May 17, 2023

(1) Background: The clinical implications of COVID-19 outbreaks following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in immunocompromised recipients are a worldwide concern. Cancer patients on active treatment remain at an increased risk developing breakthrough infections because waning immunity and the emergence variants. There is paucity data effects long-term survival outcomes this population. (2) Methods: We enrolled 230 cancer who were for advanced disease had received booster dosing mRNA-BNT162b2 vaccine as part Vax-On-Third trial between September 2021 October 2021. Four weeks after third immunization, IgG antibodies against spike receptor domain tested all patients. prospectively evaluated incidence outcomes. coprimary endpoints antibody titers development impact failure. (3) Results: At median follow-up 16.3 months (95% CI 14.5-17.0), 85 (37%) developed infection. Hospitalization was required 11 (12.9%) only 2 (2.3%) deaths related to observed. Median significantly lower cases than non-cases (291 BAU/mL 210-505) vs. 2798 2323-3613), p < 0.001). A serological titer cut-off below 803 predictive In multivariate testing, cytotoxic chemotherapy independently associated with outbreaks. Time-to-treatment failure shorter contracted infection (3.1 2.3-3.6) 16.2 14.3-17.0), 0.001) level (3.6 3.0-4.5) 14.6 11.9-16.3), Cox regression model confirmed that both covariates worsening effect time-to-treatment (4) Conclusions: These support role boosters preventing severity Enhanced humoral correlates protection infections. Strategies aimed restraining transmission undergoing should be prioritized mitigate

Language: Английский

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COVID‐19 in cancer patients: The impact of vaccination on outcomes early in the pandemic

Cancer Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(24), P. 22006 - 22022

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Abstract Background With the rapid evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic, development effective and safe vaccines was utmost importance to protect vulnerable individuals, including cancer patients. Studies comparing clinical outcomes patients with or without vaccination against disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have not demonstrated clear benefit. We aimed determine protective effects COVID‐19 by vaccinated unvaccinated after initial phase vaccine roll‐out identify risk factors associated hospitalization, COVID‐19, 30‐day attributable mortality. Methods performed a retrospective cohort study diagnosed polymerase chain reaction on nasal swabs between January 1, 2021 July 30, 2021. Outcomes interest included Univariate multivariate analyses were outcomes, using status as variable in all models. Results Key factors, such age ≥ 60 years; comorbidities diabetes mellitus, heart failure, lung diseases; specific types (leukemia lymphoma) independently hospital admission for mortality regardless their status. Vaccinated protected but no impact hospitalization due COVID‐19. Conclusion Our highlights significant benefit patients—specifically its protection

Language: Английский

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Herpes zoster after the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-BNT162b2 vaccine in actively treated cancer patients: a prospective study

Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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Direct oral anticoagulants in patients with venous thromboembolism and hematological malignancies

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 55(4), P. 729 - 736

Published: March 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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Immune responses and clinical outcomes following the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-BNT162b2 vaccine in advanced breast cancer patients receiving targeted therapies: a prospective study

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 7, 2023

Purpose Metastatic breast cancer patients are the most prevalent oncology population with advanced disease facing COVID-19 pandemic. Immune responses after mRNA-based vaccination during treatment CDK4/6 inhibitors or HER2-directed agents remain unclear. We conducted a prospective analysis to elucidate changes in antibody titers and lymphocyte counts following full course of mRNA-BNT162b2 (tozinameran) recipients undergoing these targeted therapies. Methods Patients who had received booster dosing been treated for at least 6 months were eligible. Antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein measured four subsequent time points. Immunophenotyping circulating lymphocytes was performed before third dose tozinameran weeks later quantify absolute CD3 + CD4 T-helper cells, CD8 T-cytotoxic CD19 B CD56 CD16 NK cells. also assessed incidence breakthrough infections investigated whether immune affect time-to-treatment failure (TTF) vaccination. Results The current included 69 patients, whom 38 (55%) 31 (45%) being HER2-targeted therapies, respectively. All participants between September 23 October 7, 2021. Multivariate revealed that inhibition predicted significantly impaired humoral response dose. This detrimental effect evident cell immunization, but it disappeared evaluation. After median follow-up 22.3 months, we observed 19 (26%) cases outbreaks, all experiencing favorable clinical outcomes. Univariate showed significant association onset use inhibitors, as well an response. Only last two covariates remained independent predictors multivariate testing. Dynamic variations did not TTF regression analysis. Conclusions Our results confirm is by increasing odds despite vaccine Current evidence recommends maintaining efforts provide immunizations vulnerable including those inhibition.

Language: Английский

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Machine Learning for Flow Cytometry-Based Classification of B-Cell Proliferations

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Risk factors and special populations

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 33 - 54

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Severe COVID-19 outcomes and hematological cancers: the clot thickens—are platelets the culprit?

Translational Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 2425 - 2428

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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