The
oxygen
consumption
during
chemodynamic
therapy
(CDT)
can
lead
to
severe
cellular
hypoxia,
resulting
in
an
increase
the
hypoxia
inducible
factor-1α
(HIF-1α)
level,
which
hinders
effectiveness
of
CDT
and
induces
tumor
metastasis.
Here,
we
propose
a
strategy
synergistic
between
HIF-1α
inhibitor
avoid
limitations
reduce
risk
Herein,
based
on
coordination
Fe3+
apigenin
(API,
inhibitor),
constructed
hyaluronic
acid
(HA)-modified
API-Fe
nanoparticles
(AF@HA
NPs)
for
synergetic
chemotherapy
glutathione
(GSH)-activated
self-enhancing
CDT.
AF@HA
NPs
have
high
drug
loading
capacity,
stability,
biocompatibility.
Furthermore,
overexpressed
GSH
cancer
cells
Fe2+,
weakened
API
Fe,
promoted
release
chemotherapy.
Fe2+
could
react
with
endogenous
H2O2
generate
hydroxyl
groups
In
addition,
released
inhibit
expression
sensitivity
reactive
species
(ROS),
thereby
achieving
effect
results
vitro
vivo
experiments
indicated
that
effectively
growth
suppress
lung
metastasis
cells.
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 25, 2025
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
critical
mediators
of
intercellular
communication,
carrying
bioactive
cargo
and
displaying
diverse
surface
components
that
reflect
their
cellular
origins
functions.
The
EV
surface,
composed
proteins,
lipids,
glycocalyx
elements,
plays
a
pivotal
role
in
targeting
recipient
cells,
mediating
biological
interactions,
enabling
selective
delivery.
This
review
comprehensively
examined
the
molecular
architecture
surfaces,
linking
biogenesis
to
functional
diversity,
highlights
therapeutic
diagnostic
potential
diseases
such
as
cancer
cardiovascular
disorders.
Additionally,
we
explore
emerging
applications
EVs,
including
machine-learning-assisted
analysis,
chemical
integration,
cross-system
combinations.
also
discusses
some
key
challenges
clinical
translation
EV-related
technologies.
MedComm,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
6(3)
Published: Feb. 17, 2025
Abstract
Over
the
past
few
decades,
immunotherapy
has
emerged
as
a
powerful
strategy
to
overcome
limitations
of
conventional
cancer
treatments.
The
use
extracellular
vesicles,
particularly
exosomes,
which
carry
cargoes
capable
modulating
immune
response,
been
extensively
explored
potential
therapeutic
approach
in
immunotherapy.
Exosomes
can
deliver
their
cargo
target
cells,
thereby
influencing
phenotype
and
immunomodulatory
functions.
They
exhibit
either
immunosuppressive
or
immune‐activating
characteristics,
depending
on
internal
contents.
These
exosomes
originate
from
diverse
cell
sources,
contents
vary,
suggesting
that
there
may
be
delicate
balance
between
suppression
stimulation
when
utilizing
them
for
Therefore,
thorough
understanding
molecular
mechanisms
underlying
role
progression
is
essential.
This
review
focuses
driving
exosome
function
impact
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
highlighting
intricate
activation
must
navigated
exosome‐based
therapies.
Additionally,
it
underscores
challenges
ongoing
efforts
optimize
immunotherapies,
making
significant
contribution
advancement
research.
Journal of drug targeting,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 29
Published: April 5, 2025
Non-small
cell
lung
cancer
(NSCLC)
continues
to
be
one
of
the
leading
causes
cancer-related
mortality
globally.
Most
patients
who
undergo
surgical
procedures
may
encounter
distant
metastasis
or
local
recurrence,
necessitating
supplementary
treatments
such
as
radiation
therapy,
chemotherapy,
targeted
therapy
adjuvant
alternatives.
Recent
advancements
in
molecular
biology
and
immunotherapy
have
paved
way
for
innovative
therapeutic
approaches
that
target
specific
genetic
mutations
promote
immune
response
against
tumor
cells.
This
review
explores
emerging
therapies,
including
therapies
tyrosine
kinase
inhibitors
(TKIs)
actionable
(e.g.,
EGFR,
ALK,
ROS1),
well
role
checkpoint
(ICIs)
employ
body's
system
combat
cancer.
Additionally,
we
discuss
potential
exosome
promising
nanotherapeutic
options
treatment
NSCLC.
study
attempts
provide
a
thorough
overview
changing
landscape
NSCLC
its
implications
enhancing
patient
outcomes
by
presenting
these
techniques.
APL Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(8)
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
MXenes,
a
novel
class
of
two-dimensional
(2D)
materials,
have
attracted
considerable
attention
in
various
fields,
especially
drug
delivery,
wound
healing,
bone
tissue
engineering,
biosensing,
and
cancer
treatment.
Thanks
to
their
remarkable
physicochemical
properties,
MXenes
hold
great
promise
for
biomedical
applications.
Concurrently,
hydrogels
composed
polymers
been
extensively
utilized
contexts.
The
unique
properties
facilitate
integration
into
bioactive
with
enhanced
functions
thereby
endowing
the
composites
multifunctional
capabilities.
MXene-reinforced
polymer
(MRPHs)
synergistically
combine
advantageous
characteristics
both
hydrogels,
making
them
highly
adaptable
other
theranostic
strategies
medical
In
this
comprehensive
review,
we
demonstrate
recent
advances
design
synthesis
MRPHs
Specifically,
introduce
analyze
methods
tailoring
by
incorporating
active
components,
including
functional
molecules,
2D
metal
ions,
natural
polymers,
drugs/genes.
We
then
discuss
applications
designed
biosensors,
therapy.
hope
that
work
provides
valuable
guidance
inspiration
readers
develop
advanced
Fluorescence
imaging,
a
highly
sensitive
molecular
imaging
modality,
is
being
increasingly
integrated
into
clinical
practice.
Imaging
within
the
second
near-infrared
biological
window
(NIR-II;
1,000
to
1,700
nm),
also
referred
as
shortwave
infrared,
has
received
substantial
attention
because
of
its
markedly
reduced
autofluorescence,
deeper
tissue
penetration,
and
enhanced
spatiotemporal
resolution
compared
traditional
(NIR)
imaging.
Indocyanine
green
(ICG),
US
Food
Drug
Administration-approved
NIR
fluorophore,
long
been
used
in
applications,
including
blood
vessel
angiography,
vascular
perfusion
monitoring,
tumor
detection.
Recent
advancements
NIR-II
technology
have
revitalized
interest
ICG,
revealing
extended
tail
fluorescence
beyond
nm
reaffirming
potential
clinically
translatable
fluorophore
for
vivo
theranostic
applications
diagnosing
various
diseases.
This
review
emphasizes
notable
advances
use
ICG
derivatives
image-guided
therapy
from
both
fundamental
perspectives.
We
provide
concise
conclusion
discuss
challenges
future
opportunities
with
using
approved
fluorophores.
Background:
Photodynamic
therapy
(PDT)
has
emerged
as
a
promising
treatment
for
cancer,
primarily
due
to
its
ability
generate
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
that
directly
induce
tumor
cell
death.
However,
the
hypoxic
microenvironment
commonly
found
within
tumors
poses
significant
challenge
by
inhibiting
ROS
production.
This
study
aims
investigate
effect
of
improving
hypoxia
on
enhancing
PDT.
Result:
We
employed
polylactic-co-glycolic
acid
(PLGA)
delivery
vector
encapsulation
indocyanine
green
(ICG),
photosensitizer,
and
perfluorohexane
(PFH),
with
surface
labeling
mannose
facilitate
targeted
delivery.
A
potential
therapeutic
nanoplatform
was
fabricated,
designated
Man-PFH-ICG@PLGA.
These
nanospheres
are
capable
localizing
at
sites
can
be
tracked
using
photoacoustic
(PA)
imaging.
Upon
laser
irradiation,
generated
PDT
activated
transient
receptor
cation
channel
subfamily
member
1
(TRPA1)
located
membrane.
activation
led
an
influx
extracellular
Ca2+
subsequently
resulted
in
calcium
overload.
The
excessive
selectively
accumulated
mitochondria,
disrupting
function
enzymes
involved
mitochondrial
respiratory
chain.
disruption
inhibits
cellular
respiration
decreases
consumption
cells,
ultimately
contributing
alleviation
tumors.
Simultaneously,
PFH
exhibited
high
affinity
deliver
exogenous
site
through
simple
diffusion
along
concentration
gradient.
Both
direct
indirect
mechanisms
synergistically
contribute
ameliorating
conditions
tumors,
thereby
augmenting
efficacy
Conclusions:
synergistic
photocontrolled
overload
from
endogenous
sources
oxygen-carrying
alleviates
hypoxia,
approach
provides
new
perspective
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: Jan. 28, 2025
Early
diagnosis
of
pancreatic
ductal
adenocarcinoma
(PDAC)
is
challenging
because
its
depth,
which
often
leads
to
misdiagnosis
during
ultrasound
examinations.
The
unique
PDAC
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
characterized
by
significant
fibrous
tissue
growth,
and
high
interstitial
pressure
hinders
drug
penetration
into
tumors.
Additionally,
hypoxia
immune
suppression
within
the
contribute
poor
responses
radiotherapy
chemotherapy,
ultimately
leading
an
unfavorable
prognosis.
In
this
study,
aPD-L1-modified
docetaxel
perfluoropentane-loaded
liquid‒vapor
phase-transformation
lipid
nanoparticles
(aPDL1-DTX/PFP@Lipid)
were
synthesized
had
average
diameter
61.63
nm
with
84.3%
antibody
modification.
We
demonstrated
that
(NPs)
exhibited
excellent
PDAC-targeting
capabilities
both
in
vitro
vivo.
Upon
exposure
low-intensity
pulsed
(LIPUS)
stimulation,
NPs
underwent
a
phase
transformation
form
microbubbles
substantial
molecular
diagnostic
effects,
combined
treatment
resulted
growth
inhibition
rate
88.91%.
This
strategy
also
led
infiltration
CD8+
T
cells,
downregulation
Treg
promotion
M1
macrophage
polarization,
fibrosis
reduce
stromal
pressure,
facilitation
perfluoropentane
(PFP)
gasification
release
O2
improve
hypoxia.
conclusion,
loaded
(DTX)
PFP
successfully
for
targeted
PDAC.
aPDL1-DTX/PFP@Lipid
could
reshape
TME,
offering
new
approach
ultrasound-mediated
promising
clinical
applications.
Biomaterials Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
29
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Tumors
are
the
second
most
common
cause
of
mortality
globally,
ranking
just
below
heart
disease.
With
continuous
advances
in
diagnostic
technology
and
treatment
approaches,
survival
rates
some
cancers
have
increased.
Nevertheless,
due
to
complexity
mechanisms
underlying
tumors,
cancer
remains
a
serious
public
health
issue
that
threatens
population
globally.
Manganese
(Mn)
is
an
essential
trace
element
for
human
body.
Its
regulatory
role
tumor
biology
has
received
much
attention
recent
years.
Developments
nanotechnology
led
emergence
Mn-based
nanoparticles
great
potential
use
diagnosis
cancers.
nanomaterials
can
be
integrated
with
conventional
techniques,
including
chemotherapy,
radiation
therapy,
gene
augment
their
therapeutic
effectiveness.
Further,
play
synergistic
emerging
strategies
such
as
immunotherapy,
photothermal
photodynamic
electromagnetic
hyperthermia,
sonodynamic
chemodynamic
intervention
therapy.
Moreover,
enhance
both
precision
diagnostics
capability
combined
treatment.
This
article
examines
roles
associated
Mn
field
physiology
biology,
focus
on
application
prospects