Since
the
spread
of
deadly
virus
SARS-CoV2
in
late
2019,
researchers
have
restlessly
been
seeking
for
unraveling
how
factually
enters
host
cells.
Some
proteins
on
each
side
interaction
between
and
cells
are
involved
as
major
contributors
to
this
process:
1-
nano-machine
Spike
protein
behalf
virus,
2-
angiotensin
converting
enzyme
II,
mono-carboxypeptidase
key
component
renin
system
cell,
3-
some
proteases
exploited
by
SARS-CoV2,
In
review,
complex
process
entrance
into
with
contribution
well
sequential
conformational
changes
tending
increase
probability
complexification
latter
receptor
cells,
discussed.
Besides,
release
catalytic
ectodomain
II
its
soluble
form
extracellular
space
positive
or
negative
impact
infectivity
considered.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(2), P. 451 - 451
Published: Feb. 3, 2023
The
SARS-CoV-2
(severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
responsible
for
the
COVID-19
disease)
uses
Spike
proteins
of
its
envelope
infecting
target
cells
expressing
on
membrane
angiotensin
converting
enzyme
2
(ACE2)
that
acts
as
a
receptor.
To
control
pandemic,
genetically
engineered
vaccines
have
been
designed
inducing
neutralizing
antibodies
against
proteins.
These
do
not
act
like
traditional
protein-based
vaccines,
they
deliver
message
in
form
mRNA
or
DNA
to
host
then
produce
and
expose
protein
(from
which
it
can
be
shed
soluble
form)
alert
immune
system.
Mass
vaccination
has
brought
light
various
adverse
effects
associated
with
these
based
mainly
affecting
circulatory
cardiovascular
ACE2
is
present
membrane-bound
several
cell
types,
including
mucosa
upper
gastrointestinal
tracts,
endothelium,
platelets,
plasma.
converts
vasoconstrictor
II
into
peptides
vasodilator
properties.
Here
we
review
pathways
immunization
molecular
mechanisms
through
protein,
either
from
encoded
by
mRNA-based
interferes
Renin-Angiotensin-System
governed
ACE2,
thus
altering
homeostasis
circulation
Understanding
interactions
consequent
impact
system
will
direct
diagnosis
therapy
vaccine-related
provide
information
development
personalized
considers
pathophysiological
conditions
predisposing
such
events.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(2), P. 204 - 204
Published: Jan. 17, 2023
Since
the
spread
of
deadly
virus
SARS-CoV-2
in
late
2019,
researchers
have
restlessly
sought
to
unravel
how
enters
host
cells.
Some
proteins
on
each
side
interaction
between
and
cells
are
involved
as
major
contributors
this
process:
(1)
nano-machine
spike
protein
behalf
virus,
(2)
angiotensin
converting
enzyme
II,
mono-carboxypeptidase
key
component
renin
system
cell,
(3)
some
proteases
exploited
by
SARS-CoV-2.
In
review,
complex
process
entrance
into
with
contribution
well
sequential
conformational
changes
tending
increase
probability
complexification
latter
receptor
cells,
discussed.
Moreover,
release
catalytic
ectodomain
II
its
soluble
form
extracellular
space
positive
or
negative
impact
infectivity
considered.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Feb. 5, 2024
Severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
is
the
third
human
to
cause
distress
(ARDS)
and
contains
four
structural
proteins:
spike,
envelope,
membrane,
nucleocapsid.
An
increasing
number
of
studies
have
demonstrated
that
all
proteins
SARS-CoV-2
are
capable
causing
lung
injury,
even
without
presence
intact
virus.
Therefore,
topic
protein-evoked
injury
warrants
more
attention.
In
current
article,
we
first
synopsize
features
proteins.
Second,
discuss
mechanisms
for
protein-induced
inflammatory
responses
in
vitro
.
Finally,
list
findings
indicate
themselves
toxic
sufficient
induce
vivo
Recognizing
triggered
by
may
facilitate
development
targeted
modalities
treating
COVID-19.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(11), P. 6276 - 6276
Published: June 6, 2024
In
this
study,
we
investigated
whether
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus-2
(SARS-CoV-2)
spike
protein
may
modify
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
2
(ACE2)
activity
in
the
plasma,
heart,
kidney,
liver,
lung,
and
six
brain
regions
(amygdala,
stem,
cortex,
hippocampus,
hypothalamus,
striatum)
of
diabetic
hypertensive
rats.
We
determine
ACE2
plasma
lysates
regions.
MLN-4760
inhibits
all
organs.
On
other
hand,
soluble
(sACE2)
increased
rats,
there
was
no
change
augmented
striatum,
while
it
decreased
amygdala,
hippocampus
hypothalamus
measured
content
via
enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
found
that
levels
striatum
Our
data
showed
enhanced
liver
lungs
as
well
heart
three
(cortex,
Physiological Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(14)
Published: July 1, 2024
Abstract
While
under
physiological
conditions
angiotensin‐converting
enzyme
2
(ACE2)
is
an
antagonist
of
vasoconstrictive
agents
in
the
renin–angiotensin–aldosterone
system
(RAAS),
context
SARS
coronavirus
(SARS‐CoV‐2)
ACE2
serves
as
gateway
into
cells.
Furthermore,
RAAS
has
previously
been
shown
to
be
influenced
by
exercise
training
and
suggested
involved
skeletal
muscle
mass
maintenance.
Given
this
connection,
investigation
circulating
plasma
protein
concentration
before
following
acute
chronic
endurance
resistance
could
increase
understanding
implications
exposure
athletes
SARS‐CoV‐2.
Therefore,
study
investigated
levels
lifelong
high‐level
trained
control
subjects
response
either
or
exercise.
Results
show
no
baseline
differences
absolute
between
groups,
but
a
strong
negative
correlation
with
fitness
positive
BMI
subjects.
significantly
increased
across
all
only
strength
group
This
indicates
that
are
health,
stronger
effect
on
than
