Epigenetic regulation in metabolic diseases: mechanisms and advances in clinical study

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: March 2, 2023

Abstract Epigenetics regulates gene expression and has been confirmed to play a critical role in variety of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), osteoporosis, gout, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism others. The term ‘epigenetics’ was firstly proposed 1942 with the development technologies, exploration epigenetics made great progresses. There are four main epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodelling, noncoding RNA (ncRNA), which exert different effects on diseases. Genetic non-genetic factors, ageing, diet, exercise, interact jointly affect formation phenotype. Understanding could be applied diagnosing treating diseases clinic, biomarkers, drugs, editing. In this review, we introduce brief history well milestone events since proposal ‘epigenetics’. Moreover, summarise research methods general mechanisms modulation. Furthermore, interaction between genetic or factors. Finally, clinical trials applications

Language: Английский

---

Bioactive Glass in Tissue Regeneration: Unveiling Recent Advances in Regenerative Strategies and Applications

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 16, 2024

Bioactive glass (BG) is a class of biocompatible, biodegradable, multifunctional inorganic materials, which successfully used for orthopedic and dental applications, with several products already approved clinical use. Apart from exhibiting osteogenic properties, BG also known to be angiogenic antibacterial. Recently, BG's role in immunomodulation has been gradually revealed. While the therapeutic effect mostly reported context bone skin-related regeneration, its application regenerating other tissues/organs, such as muscle, cartilage, gastrointestinal tissue, explored recently. The strategies applying have expanded powder or cement form more advanced fabrication composite polymer-BG scaffold, 3D printing BG-loaded BG-induced extracellular vesicle production. This review presents concise overview recent applications regenerative medicine. Various will first introduced. Next, various bone, tendon, skin, discussed. Finally, summarizing tissue regeneration conclude, outline future challenges directions translation BG.

Language: Английский

---

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a possible therapeutic strategy for orthopaedic diseases: a narrative review.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 175 - 187

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Accumulating evidence suggests that the therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in bone diseases is closely related to paracrine-generated extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) carry proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids space affect microenvironment. They have similar biological functions MSCs, such as ability repair organ tissue damage. In addition, MSC-EVs also advantages long half-life, low immunogenicity, attractive stability, pass through blood-brain barrier, demonstrate excellent performance with potential practical applications diseases. this review, we summarise current mechanisms osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, tumours, osteonecrosis femoral head, fractures, well development combined materials science field orthopaedics. Additionally, explore critical challenges involved clinical application orthopaedic

Language: Английский

---

Insights on the potential oncogenic impact of long non-coding RNA nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase antisense RNA 1 in different cancer types; integrating pathway(s) and clinical outcome(s) association

Pathology - Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 240, P. 154183 - 154183

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Engineered Exosome-Functionalized Extracellular Matrix-Mimicking Hydrogel for Promoting Bone Repair in Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(24), P. 28891 - 28906

Published: June 12, 2023

Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GC-ONFH) is a serious bone disease that often affects young individuals. Bone grafting combined with core decompression mainly used in clinic to treat GC-ONFH. However, outcome usually not satisfactory, as expected. Here, we report an engineered exosome-functionalized extracellular matrix-mimicking hydrogel for promoting repair Compared Con-Exo, exosomes secreted by marrow stem cells (BMSCs) conventional culture medium, Li-Exo, derived from stimulated lithium ions, promoted macrophage M2 polarization while inhibiting M1 polarization. Furthermore, inspired fact hydrogels can serve desirable carriers facilitate their release sustained manner improved therapeutic efficiency and vivo application, matrix (ECM)-mimicking (Lightgel) composed methacryloylated type I collagen was employed incorporate Li-Exo/Con-Exo construct Lightgel-Li-Exo hydrogel/Lightgel-Con-Exo hydrogel. In vitro studies showed had most significant pro-osteogenic pro-angiogenic activity. Finally, evaluated effects rat models As result, effect on enhancing polarization, osteogenesis, angiogenesis promote Taken together, this novel ECM-mimicking could be promising strategy treatment.

Language: Английский

---

Clinical Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Bone Regeneration

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(13), P. 4385 - 4385

Published: June 29, 2023

Bone metabolism is regulated by osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and stem cells. Pathologies such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, traumatic fractures require effective treatments that favor bone formation regeneration. Among these, cell therapy based on mesenchymal cells (MSC) has been proposed. MSC are osteoprogenitors, but their regenerative activity depends in part paracrine properties. These mainly mediated extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion. EV modulates processes inflammation, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, differentiation. Thus, MSC-EV currently an important tool for the development of cell-free therapies medicine. This review describes current knowledge effects different phases used intravenous injection, directly or combination with types biomaterials, preclinical models diseases. They have shown great clinical potential medicine applied to bone. findings should be confirmed through standardization protocols, a better understanding mechanisms action, appropriate trials. All will allow translation human clinic applications.

Language: Английский

---

The nanoformula of zoledronic acid and calcium carbonate targets osteoclasts and reverses osteoporosis

Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 296, P. 122059 - 122059

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Emerging nano-scale delivery systems for the treatment of osteoporosis

Biomaterials Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Osteoporosis is a pathological condition characterized by an accelerated bone resorption rate, resulting in decreased density and increased susceptibility to fractures, particularly among the elderly population. While conventional treatments for osteoporosis have shown efficacy, they are associated with certain limitations, including limited drug bioavailability, non-specific administration, occurrence of adverse effects. In recent years, nanoparticle-based delivery systems emerged as promising approach managing osteoporosis. Nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical properties, such small size, large surface area-to-volume ratio, tunable characteristics, which enable them overcome limitations therapies. These nanoparticles offer several advantages, enhanced stability, controlled release kinetics, targeted tissue delivery, improved bioavailability. This comprehensive review aims provide insights into advancements therapy It elucidates various types employed this context, silica, polymeric, solid lipid, metallic nanoparticles, along their specific processing techniques inherent properties that render suitable potential carriers treatment. Furthermore, discusses challenges future suggestions development translation nanoparticle clinical use. encompass issues scalability, safety assessment, regulatory considerations. However, despite these challenges, utilization holds immense promise revolutionizing field management enabling more effective therapies, ultimately leading patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

---

Enhancing osteoporosis treatment with engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: mechanisms and advances

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Abstract As societal aging intensifies, the incidence of osteoporosis (OP) continually rises. OP is a skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mass, deteriorated tissue microstructure, and consequently increased fragility fracture susceptibility, typically evaluated using mineral density (BMD) T-score. Not only does diminish patients’ quality life, but it also imposes substantial economic burden on society. Conventional pharmacological treatments yield limited efficacy severe adverse reactions. In contemporary academic discourse, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have surfaced as auspicious novel therapeutic modalities for OP. EVs can convey information through cargo they carry been demonstrated to be crucial medium intercellular communication, playing significant role in maintaining homeostasis microenvironment. Furthermore, various research findings provide evidence that engineered strategies enhance effects treatment. While numerous reviews explored progress potential treating degenerative diseases, address remains early stages basic experimentation. This paper advancements utilizing MSCs their It systematically examines most extensively researched MSC-derived OP, delving not into molecular mechanisms EV-based therapy conducting comparative analysis strengths limitations sourced from cell origins. Additionally, emphasizes technical engineering necessary leveraging treatment, offering insights recommendations future endeavors.

Language: Английский

---

Musculoskeletal Organs‐on‐Chips: An Emerging Platform for Studying the Nanotechnology–Biology Interface

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 16, 2024

Nanotechnology-based approaches are promising for the treatment of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders, which present significant clinical burdens and challenges, but their translation requires a deep understanding complex interplay between nanotechnology MSK biology. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) systems have emerged as an innovative versatile microphysiological platform to replicate dynamics tissue microenvironment studying nanotechnology-biology interactions. This review first covers recent advances applications OoCs ability mimic biophysical biochemical stimuli encountered by tissues. Next, integrating into OoCs, cellular responses behaviors may be investigated precisely controlling manipulating nanoscale environment. Analysis disease mechanisms, particularly bone, joint, muscle degeneration, drug screening development personalized medicine greatly facilitated using OoCs. Finally, future challenges directions outlined field, including advanced sensing technologies, integration immune-active components, enhancement biomimetic functionality. By highlighting emerging this aims advance intricate nanotechnology-MSK biology interface its significance in management, therapeutic interventional strategies.

Language: Английский

---