Newer Therapeutic Approaches in Treating Alzheimer’s Disease: A Comprehensive Review

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 5148 - 5171

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an aging-related irreversible neurodegenerative affecting mostly the elderly population. The main pathological features of AD are extracellular Aβ plaques generated by APP cleavage through amyloidogenic pathway, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) resulting from hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, and cholinergic neurodegeneration. However, actual causes unknown, but several studies suggest hereditary mutations in PSEN1 -2, APOE4, APP, TAU genes major perpetrators. In order to understand etiology pathogenesis AD, various hypotheses proposed. These include following hypotheses: amyloid accumulation, tauopathy, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, glutamate/excitotoxicity, deficiency, gut dysbiosis. Currently approved therapeutic interventions donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, which cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), memantine, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist. treatment strategies focus on only symptomatic management attenuating symptoms not regeneration neurons or clearance Tau. This review focuses pathophysiology, novel targets, disease-altering treatments such as α-secretase modulators, active immunotherapy, passive natural antioxidant products, nanomaterials, antiamyloid therapy, aggregation inhibitors, transplantation fecal microbiota stem cells, microtubule stabilizers that clinical trials still under investigation.

Language: Английский

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Nanotechnology for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A bibliometric analysis

Nano Today, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 47, P. 101654 - 101654

Published: Oct. 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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Drug Discovery and Development Targeting Dementia

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 151 - 151

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Dementia, most often associated with neurodegenerative diseases, affects millions of people worldwide, predominantly the elderly. Unfortunately, no treatment is still available. Therefore, there an urgent need to address this situation. This review presents state art drug discovery and developments in targeting dementia. Several approaches are discussed, such as repurposing, use small molecules, phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Furthermore, also provides insights into clinical trials these molecules. Emphasis has been placed on molecules multi-target-directed ligands, well disease-modifying therapies. Finally, attention drawn possibilities applications nanotechnology managing

Language: Английский

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Emerging nanotechnology for Alzheimer's disease: From detection to treatment

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 360, P. 392 - 417

Published: July 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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GLP-1 Analogs, SGLT-2, and DPP-4 Inhibitors: A Triad of Hope for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 3035 - 3035

Published: Nov. 12, 2023

Alzheimer’s is a prevalent, progressive neurodegenerative disease marked by cognitive decline and memory loss. The disease’s development involves various pathomechanisms, including amyloid-beta accumulation, neurofibrillary tangles, oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent research suggests that antidiabetic drugs may enhance neuronal survival function in diabetes. Given the well-documented correlation between diabetes potential shared mechanisms, this review aimed to comprehensively assess of new-generation anti-diabetic drugs, such as GLP-1 analogs, SGLT-2 inhibitors, DPP-4 promising therapeutic approaches for disease. This aims applications novel-generation context In our considered opinion, offer avenue groundbreaking developments have revolutionize landscape treatment.

Language: Английский

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Lipid-Based Nanocarriers via Nose-to-Brain Pathway for Central Nervous System Disorders

Neurochemical Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 47(3), P. 552 - 573

Published: Nov. 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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Drug Delivery Systems as a Strategy to Improve the Efficacy of FDA-Approved Alzheimer’s Drugs

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(11), P. 2296 - 2296

Published: Oct. 26, 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, with a high impact worldwide, accounting for more than 46 million cases. The continuous increase AD demands fast development preventive and curative therapeutic strategies that are truly effective. drugs approved treatment classified into acetylcholinesterase inhibitors N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists. effectiveness those hindered by their restricted access to brain due blood–brain barrier, low bioavailability, poor pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, reported have undesirable side effects. Several drug delivery systems (DDSs) been widely exploited address these issues. DDSs serve as carriers, combining ability deliver locally in targeted manner release them controlled sustained manner. As result, pharmacological raised, while unwanted effects induced unspecific distribution decrease. This article reviews recently developed efficacy Food Drug Administration-approved drugs.

Language: Английский

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Management of Brain Cancer and Neurodegenerative Disorders with Polymer-Based Nanoparticles as a Biocompatible Platform

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 841 - 841

Published: Jan. 14, 2023

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) serves as a protective for the central nervous system (CNS) against drugs that enter bloodstream. BBB is key clinical in treatment of CNS illnesses because it restricts drug entry into brain. To bypass this and release relevant brain matrix, nanotechnology-based delivery systems have been developed. Given unstable nature NPs, an appropriate amount biocompatible polymer coating on NPs thought to role reducing cellular cytotoxicity while also boosting stability. Human serum albumin (HSA), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), Polylactide (PLA), (alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA), gelatin, chitosan are only few significant polymers mentioned. In review article, we categorized polymer-coated nanoparticles from basic complex discussed their application novel carriers

Language: Английский

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Precision medicines for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 253 - 263

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Polymer–drug conjugates as nano-sized multi-targeting systems for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

RSC Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(2), P. 161 - 181

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This review mainly highlights the use of polymer–drug conjugates as an advanced drug delivery system to improve treatment AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.

Language: Английский

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