Short-Chain Fatty-Acid-Producing Bacteria: Key Components of the Human Gut Microbiota

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 2211 - 2211

Published: May 6, 2023

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a key role in health and disease, as they regulate gut homeostasis their deficiency is involved the pathogenesis of several disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, colorectal cancer, cardiometabolic disorders. SCFAs are metabolites specific bacterial taxa human microbiota, production influenced by foods or food supplements, mainly prebiotics, direct fostering these taxa. This Review provides an overview SCFAs’ roles functions, SCFA-producing bacteria, from microbiological characteristics taxonomy to biochemical process that lead release SCFAs. Moreover, we will describe potential therapeutic approaches boost levels treat different related diseases.

Language: Английский

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The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(19), P. 11245 - 11245

Published: Sept. 24, 2022

Modulating the gut microbiome and its influence on human health is subject of intense research. The microbiota could be associated not only with gastroenterological diseases but also psychiatric disorders. importance factors such as stress, mode delivery, role probiotics, circadian clock system, diet, occupational environmental exposure in relationship between brain function through bidirectional communication, described "the microbiome-gut-brain axis", especially underlined. In this review, we discuss link intestinal host response involving different pathways nervous system (e.g., neurotransmitters, endocrine immunological mechanisms, or bacterial metabolites). We review alterations their results development disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar (BD), autism spectrum (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD).

Language: Английский

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Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 577 - 595

Published: April 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Gut dysbiosis, defective autophagy and altered immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases: Tales of a vicious cycle

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 231, P. 107988 - 107988

Published: Sept. 16, 2021

Language: Английский

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Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 19, 2023

Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body systems, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which vastly outnumbers human cells has a genetic potential that exceeds of genome, plays crucial role this interplay. microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is bidirectional signalling pathway operates through neural, endocrine, immune, metabolic pathways. One major neuroendocrine systems responding to stress HPA produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol corticosterone rodents. Appropriate concentrations are essential for normal neurodevelopment function, well cognitive processes learning memory, studies have shown microbes modulate throughout life. Stress can significantly impact MGB via other Animal research advanced our understanding these mechanisms pathways, leading paradigm shift conceptual thinking about influence microbiota health disease. Preclinical trials currently underway determine how animal models translate humans. In review article, we summarize current knowledge relationship axis, cognition, provide an overview main findings conclusions broad field.

Language: Английский

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Gut bacterial profiles in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 140 - 157

Published: Oct. 25, 2022

Abstract Introduction Recent advances have highlighted the relationships between gut dysbiosis and Parkinson's disease (PD). Microbiota transplantation from PD patients to mice can induce increased alpha‐synuclein‐mediated motor deficits. Human studies identified differences in microbiota of compared healthy controls. We undertook a systematic review evaluate available evidence for involvement bacteria etiology PD. Methods The PubMed databank, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Wanfang Data were searched inception until June 2021 identify human case–control that investigated quantified feces. evaluated resulting focusing on bacterial taxa different Results Twenty‐six found which 53 microbial families 98 genera exhibited with by more than two as Bifidobacterium , Alistipes Christensenella Enterococcus Oscillospira Bilophila Desulfovibrio Escherichia/Shigella Akkermansia while Prevotella Blautia Faecalibacterium Fusicatenibacter Haemophilus had three or reports being lower patients. More one report demonstrated Bacteroides Odoribacter Parabacteroides Butyricicoccus Butyrivibrio Clostridium Coprococcus Lachnospira Lactobacillus Megasphaera Phascolarctobacterium Roseburia Ruminococcus Streptococcus Klebsiella altered both directions. Conclusion Our shows microbiome may involve alterations short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs)‐producing an increase putative pathobionts. SCFAs‐producing vary above below “optimal range,” causing imbalances. Considering are beneficial health, be associated medications, especially COMT inhibitors, high level aging.

Language: Английский

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The function of gut microbiota in immune-related neurological disorders: a review

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: June 15, 2022

This review provides an overview of the importance microbiota in regulation gut-brain communication immune-related neurological disorders. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract hosts a diverse abundance microbiota, referred to as gut microbiota. plays role maintenance GI homeostasis and is likely have multiple effects on brain development function. bidirectional between termed microbiota-gut-brain axis. intestine appears affect human health behavior, certain animal studies demonstrated association alterations Most insights about axis come from germ-free models, which reveal neural To date, many observed impact patients with Although investigated axis, there are still limitations translating this research humans given complexities relationship brain. In review, we discuss emerging evidence how regulates function through biological networks, well possible contribution

Language: Английский

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Importance of Bacteroidetes in host–microbe interactions and ecosystem functioning

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(9), P. 959 - 971

Published: May 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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Overlapping Mechanisms of Action of Brain-Active Bacteria and Bacterial Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of Common Brain Diseases

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(13), P. 2661 - 2661

Published: June 27, 2022

The involvement of the gut microbiota and metabolites colon-residing bacteria in brain disease pathogenesis has been covered a growing number studies, but comparative literature is scarce. To fill this gap, we explored contribution microbiota-gut-brain axis to pathophysiology seven brain-related diseases (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's major depressive bipolar disorder). In article, discussed changes bacterial abundance metabolic implications these on development progression. Our central findings indicate that, mechanistically, all are associated with leaky gut, neuroinflammation, over-activated microglial cells, which gut-residing their important contributors. Patients show pro-inflammatory shift colon microbiota, harbouring more Gram-negative containing immune-triggering lipopolysaccharides (LPS) cell walls. addition, properties (

Language: Английский

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Metabolite interactions between host and microbiota during health and disease: Which feeds the other?

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 160, P. 114295 - 114295

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Metabolites produced by the host and microbiota play a crucial role in how human bodies develop remain healthy. Most of these metabolites are hosts digestive tract. gut have important roles energy metabolism, cellular communication, immunity, among other physiological activities. Although numerous metabolites, such as free fatty acids, amino vitamins, found intestine, generated equally vital for intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, is sole source some including short-chain acids (SCFAs). microbiota, neurotransmitters hormones, may modulate significantly affect metabolism. The becoming recognized second endocrine system. A variety chronic inflammatory disorders been linked to aberrant host-microbiota interplays, but precise mechanisms underpinning disturbances they might lead diseases be fully elucidated. Microbiome-modulated promising targets new drug discovery due their function various complex disorders. In humans, metabolotherapy prevention or treatment will possible if we better understand metabolic preferences bacteria specific tissues organs. Better disease treatments with help novel complementary therapies that target bacterial consequences, functional interplays highlighted, summarized, discussed this overview.

Language: Английский

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