Biflavonoids: Important Contributions to the Health Benefits of Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 1381 - 1381

Published: May 23, 2022

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is one of the most distinctive plants, characterized by excellent resistance to various environmental conditions. It used as an ornamental plant and recognized a medicinal in both traditional Western medicine. Its bioactive potential associated with presence flavonoids terpene trilactones, but many other compounds may also have synergistic effects. Flavonoid dimers—biflavonoids—are important constituents ginkgophytopharmaceuticals. Currently, 13 biflavonoids has been reported ginkgo, which amentoflavone, bilobetin, sciadopitysin, ginkgetin isoginkgetin are common. Their role plants remains unknown, their bioactivity management human health better investigated. In this review, we provided overview chemistry, diversity biological factors that influence well health-related properties. We focused on antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal anti-inflammatory activities treatment cardiovascular, metabolic neurodegenerative diseases. highlighted toxicity pointed out further research directions.

Language: Английский

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Green Tea Polyphenol (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG): A Time for a New Player in the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases?

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1566 - 1566

Published: Aug. 13, 2022

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol of green tea that possesses wide variety actions. EGCG acts as strong antioxidant which effectively scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibits pro-oxidant enzymes including NADPH oxidase, activates systems superoxide dismutase, catalase, or glutathione, and reduces abundant production nitric oxide metabolites by inducible synthase. ECGC also exerts potent anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, pro-apoptotic, anti-tumorous, metabolic effects via modulation intracellular signaling cascades. Based on this knowledge, the use could be benefit in respiratory diseases with acute chronic inflammatory, oxidative, fibrotizing processes their pathogenesis. This article reviews current information biological those animal models has been administered, i.e., distress syndrome, infections, COVID-19, bronchial asthma, obstructive pulmonary disease, lung fibrosis, silicosis, cancer, hypertension, embolism, critically discusses effectiveness administration these disorders. For review, articles English language from PubMed database were used.

Language: Английский

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Chemico-biological aspects of (−)- epigallocatechin- 3 -gallate (EGCG) to improve its stability, bioavailability and membrane permeability: Current status and future prospects

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 63(30), P. 10382 - 10411

Published: May 2, 2022

Natural products have been a bedrock for drug discovery decades. (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is one of the widely studied natural polyphenolic compounds derived from green tea. It key component believed to be responsible medicinal value Significant studies implemented in vitro, cellulo, and vivo models suggested its anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, neuroprotective activities etc. Despite having such wide array therapeutic potential promising results preclinical studies, applicability humans has encountered with rather limited success largely due poor bioavailability, membrane permeability, rapid metabolic clearance lack stability EGCG. Therefore, novel techniques are warranted address those limitations so that EGCG or modified analogs can used clinical setup. This review comprehensively covers different strategies as structural modifications, nano-carriers efficient delivery systems, synergistic other bioactivities improve chemico-biological aspects (e.g., stability, etc.) enhanced pharmacokinetics pharmacological properties, eventually enhancing potentials. We think this article will serve strong platform comprehensive literature on development bioavailability it translated applications.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidants in brain tumors: current therapeutic significance and future prospects

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Oct. 28, 2022

Brain cancer is regarded among the deadliest forms of worldwide. The distinct tumor microenvironment and inherent characteristics brain cells virtually render them resistant to majority conventional advanced therapies. Oxidative stress (OS) a key disruptor normal homeostasis involved in carcinogenesis different cancers. Thus, antioxidants may inhibit tumorigenesis by preventing OS induced various oncogenic factors. Antioxidants are hypothesized initiation endorsing DNA repair suppressing progression creating an energy crisis for preneoplastic cells, resulting antiproliferative effects. These effects referred as chemopreventive mediated antioxidant mechanism. In addition, minimize chemotherapy-induced nonspecific organ toxicity prolong survival. also support prooxidant chemistry that demonstrate chemotherapeutic potential, particularly at high or pharmacological doses trigger promoting free radical production, which essential activating cell death pathways. A growing body evidence revealed roles exogenous adjuvants their ability reverse chemoresistance. this review, we explain influences endogenous on cancers with reference roles. role metabolic reprogramming influence downstream signaling events suppressor gene mutations critically discussed. Finally, review both pro- anticancer mechanisms molecules killing neoplastic inhibiting recurrence followed treatments. requirements treatment under conditions discussed along reasons behind conflicting outcomes reports. mention influencing factors regulate pharmacology treatment. conclusion, achieve consistent clinical treatments cancers, rigorous mechanistic studies required respect types, forms, stages tumors. concomitant regimens need adequate consideration.

Language: Английский

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Natural Nrf2 Inhibitors: A Review of Their Potential for Cancer Treatment

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 3029 - 3041

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2), a transcription that regulates redox homeostasis, plays pivotal role in several cellular processes such as cell proliferation and survival, has been found to be aberrantly activated many cancers.As one of the key oncogenes, Nrf2 represents an important therapeutic target for cancer treatment.Research unraveled main mechanisms underlying pathway regulation promoting tumorigenesis.Many efforts have made develop potent inhibitors, clinical trials are being conducted on some these inhibitors.Natural products well-recognized valuable source development novel therapeutics cancer.So far, number natural compounds identified apigenin, luteolin, quassinoids including brusatol brucein D. These inhibitors mediate oxidant response display effects different types human cancers.In this article, we reviewed structure function Nrf2/Keap1 system with emphasis their biological cancer.The current status regarding potential treatment was also summarized.It is hoped review will stimulate research naturally occurring candidates treatment.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidants as Protection against Reactive Oxidative Stress in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 573 - 573

Published: April 18, 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) belongs to a group of chronic diseases characterised by periods exacerbation and remission. Despite many studies observations, its aetiopathogenesis is still not fully understood. The interactions genetic, immunological, microbiological, environmental factors can induce development progression, but there lack information on these mechanisms. One the components that increase risk occurrence IBD, as well oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs when an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) antioxidants. endogenous exogenous make up body’s antioxidant defence significantly affect IBD prophylaxis reduce neutralising removing ROS, influencing inflammatory state.

Language: Английский

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Absorption, metabolism, bioactivity, and biotransformation of epigallocatechin gallate

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64(19), P. 6546 - 6566

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a typical flavone-3-ol polyphenol containing eight free hydroxyl groups, is associated with variety of bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antibacterial activities. However, the poor bioavailability EGCG restricts its use. In this review, we discuss processes involved in absorption metabolism EGCG, focus on metabolic interactions gut microbiota. Next, summarize bioactivities some key metabolites, describe biotransformation by different microorganisms, catabolism specific bacteria. A deeper understanding absorption, metabolism, may enable disease-preventive therapeutic properties to be better utilized. This review provides theoretical basis for further development utilization metabolites improving microbiota physiological health.

Language: Английский

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The R2R3‐MYB‐SG7 transcription factor CaMYB39 orchestrates surface phenylpropanoid metabolism and pathogen resistance in chickpea

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 238(2), P. 798 - 816

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Summary Flavonoids are important plant pigments and defense compounds; understanding the transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis may enable engineering crops with improved nutrition stress tolerance. Here, we characterize R2R3‐MYB domain subgroup 7 transcription factor CaMYB39, which regulates flavonol primarily in chickpea trichomes. CaMYB39 overexpression was accompanied by a change flux availability for phenylpropanoid pathway, particularly biosynthesis. Lines overexpressing showed higher isoflavonoid levels, suggesting its role regulating pathway. transactivates early biosynthetic genes (EBG). FLAVONOL SYNTHASE2 , an EBG, encodes enzyme substrate specificity dihydrokaempferol than other dihydroflavonols explaining preferential accumulation kaempferol derivatives as prominent flavonols chickpea. Interestingly, increased trichome density enhanced diverse trichome‐rich tissues. Moreover, reduced reactive oxygen species levels induced gene expression aids partially blocking penetration efficiency fungal pathogen, Ascochyta rabiei resulting lesser symptoms, thus establishing against deadly blight (AB) disease. Overall, our study reports instance where R2R3‐MYB‐SG7 member, besides biosynthesis, modulates pathways like general phenylpropanoid, isoflavonoid, density, necrotrophic infection

Language: Английский

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Specificity Proteins (Sp) and Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 5164 - 5164

Published: March 8, 2023

The specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors (TFs) Sp1, Sp2, Sp3 and Sp4 exhibit structural functional similarities in cancer cells extensive studies of Sp1 show that it is a negative prognostic factor for patients with multiple tumor types. In this review, the role development their regulation pro-oncogenic pathways reviewed. addition, interactions non-coding RNAs agents target Sp are also discussed. Studies on normal cell transformation into lines process accompanied by increased levels most models, muscle rhabdomyosarcoma, both Sp3, but not Sp4, increased. functions were studied knockdown where silencing each individual TF decreased growth, invasion induced apoptosis. Silencing an was compensated other two concluded examples non-oncogene addicted genes. This conclusion strengthened results microRNAs long contributed to Sp/non-coding RNAs. There now many anticancer pharmaceuticals induce downregulation/degradation yet clinical applications drugs specifically targeting TFs being used. application combination therapies should be considered potential enhance treatment efficacy decrease toxic side effects.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of Action of Fruit and Vegetable Phytochemicals in Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(11), P. 4322 - 4322

Published: May 24, 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common worldwide and its incidence expected to increase by almost 80% 2030. CRC apparition related poor diet, mainly due low consumption of phytochemicals present in fruits vegetables. Hence, this paper reviews promising literature, presenting scientific evidence regarding potential chemopreventive effects. Moreover, reveals structure action mechanisms that these are involved in. The review vegetables rich such as carrots green leafy vegetables, well some pineapple, citrus fruits, papaya, mango, Cape gooseberry, have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, properties can promote a healthy colonic environment. Fruits daily diet antitumor regulating cell signaling and/or proliferation pathways. plant products recommended reduce risk CRC.

Language: Английский

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