Immune-related therapeutics: an update on antiviral drugs and vaccines to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic DOI Creative Commons
Iqra Mir, Sania Aamir, Syed Rizwan Hussain Shah

et al.

Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 84 - 100

Published: April 27, 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic rapidly spread globally. Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus with reported fatality rate ranging from 1% to 7%, and people immune-compromised conditions, children, older adults are particularly vulnerable. Respiratory failure cytokine storm-induced multiple organ the major of death. This article highlights innate adaptive immune mechanisms host cells activated in response SARS-CoV-2 infection possible therapeutic approaches against COVID-19. Some potential drugs proven be effective for other viral diseases under clinical trials now use Examples include inhibitors RNA-dependent polymerase (remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin), protein synthesis (ivermectin, lopinavir/ritonavir), fusion membrane (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, nitazoxanide, umifenovir). also presents intellectual groundwork ongoing development vaccines preclinical trials, explaining candidates (live attenuated-whole vaccines, inactivated subunit DNA-based protein-based nanoparticle-based virus-like particles mRNA-based vaccines). Designing developing an vaccine (both prophylactic therapeutic) would long-term solution most way eliminate COVID-19 pandemic.

Language: Английский

A Review of the Antiviral Activities of Glycyrrhizic Acid, Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Glycyrrhetinic Acid Monoglucuronide DOI Creative Commons
Jiawei Zuo, Tao Meng, Yuanyuan Wang

et al.

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 641 - 641

Published: April 23, 2023

Licorice, a natural medicine derived from the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza species, possesses wide range therapeutic applications, including antiviral properties. Glycyrrhizic acid (GL) glycyrrhetinic (GA) are most important active ingredients in licorice. Glycyrrhetinic 3-O-mono-β-d-glucuronide (GAMG) is metabolite GL. GL its metabolites have activities against viruses, such as, hepatitis virus, herpes virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) so on. Although their activity has been widely reported, specific mechanism action involving multiple links as itself, cells, immunity not clearly established. In this review, we will give an update on role agents, detail relevant evidence potential use mechanisms actions. Analyzing antivirals, signaling, impacts tissue autoimmune protection may provide promising new strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

33
Redox Homeostasis Alteration Is Restored through Melatonin Treatment in COVID-19 Patients: A Preliminary Study DOI Open Access
Marí­a Elena Soto, Israel Pérez-Torres, Linaloe Manzano-Pech

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(8), P. 4543 - 4543

Published: April 21, 2024

Type II pneumocytes are the target of SARS-CoV-2 virus, which alters their redox homeostasis to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS). Melatonin (MT) has antioxidant proprieties and protects mitochondrial function. In this study, we evaluated whether treatment with MT compensated for alteration in serum from COVID-19 patients. We determined oxidative stress (OS) markers such as carbonyls, glutathione (GSH), total capacity (TAC), thiols, nitrites (NO2-), lipid peroxidation (LPO), thiol groups serum. also studied enzymatic activities peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reductase (GR), thioredoxin (TrxR), extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) peroxidases. There were significant increases LPO carbonyl quantities (p ≤ 0.03) decreases TAC NO2-, GSH < 0.001) The enzymes ecSOD, TrxR, GPx, GST, GR, peroxidases decreased 0.04) after treatment. favored activity that contributed an restored lost homeostasis. modulated glucose homeostasis, functioning a glycolytic agent, inhibited Warburg effect. Thus, restores is altered patients can be used adjuvant therapy infection.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
The impact of mucormycosis (black fungus) on SARS-CoV-2-infected patients: at a glance DOI Open Access
Md. Rezaul Islam, Md. Mominur Rahman,

Md. Tanjimul Ahasan

et al.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(46), P. 69341 - 69366

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

21
N-Acetyl Cysteine Restores the Diminished Activity of the Antioxidant Enzymatic System Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Preliminary Findings DOI Creative Commons
Marí­a Elena Soto, Linaloe Manzano-Pech, Adrián Palacios Chavarría

et al.

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 591 - 591

Published: April 14, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infects type II pneumocytes and disrupts redox homeostasis by overproducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of the synthesis glutathione (GSH) it restores loss associated to viral infections. The aim study evaluate effect treatment with NAC on enzymatic antioxidant system in serum from patients infected SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated activities thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), peroxidase (GPx), -S-transferase (GST), (GR) spectrophotometry concentrations (GSH), total capacity (TAC), thiols, nitrites (NO2-), lipid peroxidation (LPO) serum. activity extracellular super oxide dismutase (ecSOD) was determined native polyacrylamide gels, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) measured ELISA. A decrease ecSOD, TrxR, GPx, GST GR, (p = 0 ≤ 0.1), GSH, TAC, NO2- 0.001) an increase LPO 3-NT were found COVID-19 vs. healthy subjects. as adjuvant therapy may contribute reduction OS infection through generation GSH. GSH promotes metabolic pathways that depend it, thus contributing TAC restore homeostasis.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Antimycin A inhibits alpha-herpesvirus replication by disrupting the formation of pyrimidinosomes DOI Creative Commons
Ye Guo, Menghang Wang, Ning Tang

et al.

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Phytochemicals of Withania somnifera as a Future Promising Drug against SARS-CoV-2: Pharmacological Role, Molecular Mechanism, Molecular Docking Evaluation, and Efficient Delivery DOI Creative Commons
Suaidah Ramli, Yuan Seng Wu, Kalaivani Batumalaie

et al.

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 1000 - 1000

Published: April 12, 2023

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has killed millions of people since first reported in Wuhan, China, December 2019. Intriguingly, Withania somnifera (WS) shown promising antiviral effects against numerous viral infections, including SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, which are contributed by its phytochemicals. This review focused on the updated testing therapeutic efficacy associated molecular mechanisms WS extracts their phytochemicals SARS-CoV-2 infection preclinical clinical studies with aim to develop a long-term solution COVID-19. It also deciphered current use silico docking approach developing potential inhibitors from targeting host cell receptors that may aid development targeted therapy ranging prior entry until acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). discussed nanoformulations or nanocarriers achieving effective delivery enhance bioavailability efficacy, consequently preventing emergence drug resistance, eventually failure.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Transient SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Mutations after Remdesivir Treatment for Chronic COVID-19 in Two Transplant Recipients: Case Report and Intra-Host Viral Genomic Investigation DOI Creative Commons
Shangxin Yang, Ashrit Multani, Jacob M. Garrigues

et al.

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 2096 - 2096

Published: Aug. 16, 2023

Remdesivir is the first FDA-approved drug for treating severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and targets RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) that required viral replication. To monitor development of mutations may result in remdesivir resistance during prolonged treatment, we sequenced specimens collected at different treatment time points two transplant patients with COVID-19. In patient, an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell recipient, a transient RdRp catalytic subunit mutation (nsp12:A449V) was observed has not previously been associated resistance. As no vitro study had conducted to elucidate phenotypic effect nsp12:A449V, its clinical significance unclear. second other were detected: one (nsp12:V166A) accessory important processivity (nsp7:D67N). This case report potential link between nsp12:V166A vivo, which only described by studies. The nsp7:D67N resistance, whether it unknown. Our revealed genetic dynamics recipients involved complex (nsp7 nsp12), be selective pressure. These results suggest close monitoring course highly vulnerable patient populations beneficial. Development utilization diagnostic genotyping tests future direction improving management chronic

Language: Английский

Citations

8
The Redox Homeostasis Alteration Is Restored by Melatonin Treatment in COVID-19 Patients DOI Open Access
Marí­a Elena Soto, Israel Pérez-Torres, Linaloe Manzano-Pech

et al.

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Type II pneumocytes are the target of SARS-CoV-2 which alters their redox homeostasis to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS). Melatonin (MT) has antioxidant proprieties and protects mitochondrial function. Here we evaluated whether treatment with MT compensated for alteration in serum from COVID-19 patients. We determined oxidative stress (OS) markers such as carbonyls, glutathione (GSH), total capacity (TAC), thiols, nitrites (NO2–), lipid peroxidation (LPO), thiols groups serum. also studied enzymatic activities peroxidase (GPx), -S-transferase (GST), reductase (GR), thioredoxin (TrxR), extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) peroxidases. There was a significant LPO carbonyls (p≤0.03) decrease TAC, NO2–, GSH, (p&amp;lt;0.001) The ecSOD, TrxR, GPx, GST, GR peroxidases were decreased (p≤ 0.04). favored activity enzymes contributed TAC restored lost homeostasis. modulated glucose functioning glycolytic agent inhibited Warburg effect. Thus, restores is altered patients can be used adjuvant therapy infection.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Designing an Efficient Biocatalyst for the Phosphoribosylation of Antiviral Pyrazine-2-carboxamide Derivatives DOI
Evgeniy A. Zayats, Ilya V. Fateev, Y.A. Abramchik

et al.

ACS Catalysis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 3687 - 3699

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

The development of technologies for the efficient synthesis innovative antiviral compounds remains an important challenge modern biotechnology, especially in context recent COVID-19 pandemic. One drugs that is currently research spotlight potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity purine mimetic prodrug compound T-705, also known as favipiravir. Along with a similar compound, T-1105, activation T-705 limited by low rate phosphoribosylation, mediated enzyme named hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT). Therefore, phosphoribosylated/ribosylated derivatives these prodrugs viable direction discovery and pharmaceuticals. However, chemical such complex laborious process, whereas enzymatic cascades are not feasible because narrow HGPRT substrate specificity. Here, we report successful rational design biocatalyst T-705/T-1105 phosphoribosylation. With two rounds Thermus thermophilus HB27 active site optimization, have achieved 325-fold increase kcat toward 125-fold T-1105 accompanied multifold decrease KM. practical applicability designed mutant was illustrated through preparative nucleotide derivatives. Our engineered can become basis chemoenzymatic various proven activity. Moreover, our results provide insight into molecular mechanism including experimental evidence explaining reasons behind compounds.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Favipiravir attachment to a conical nanocarbon: DFT assessments of the drug delivery approach DOI
Kun Harismah,

Seyed Abbas Shahrtash,

Azar Arabi

et al.

Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1216, P. 113866 - 113866

Published: Aug. 28, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

12