Role of the gut microbiota in anticancer therapy: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: May 13, 2023

Abstract In the past period, due to rapid development of next-generation sequencing technology, accumulating evidence has clarified complex role human microbiota in cancer and therapeutic response. More importantly, available seems indicate that modulating composition gut improve efficacy anti-cancer drugs may be feasible. However, intricate complexities exist, a deep comprehensive understanding how interacts with is critical realize its full potential treatment. The purpose this review summarize initial clues on molecular mechanisms regarding mutual effects between development, highlight relationship microbes immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy surgery, which provide insights into formulation individualized strategies for management. addition, current emerging microbial interventions as well their clinical applications are summarized. Although many challenges remain now, great importance cannot overstated strategies, it necessary explore holistic approach incorporates modulation cancer.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Impact on Cancer Treatment Response and Toxicities

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 2048 - 2048

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

The gut microbiota has emerged as a key modulator of cancer treatment responses in terms both efficacy and toxicity. This effect is clearly mediated by processes impacting the activation modulation immune responses. More recently, ability to regulate chemotherapeutic drug metabolism also driver response, although direct mechanisms have yet be fully elucidated. Through fermentation, can produce several types metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs play an important role maintaining epithelial barrier functions intestinal homeostasis, with recent work suggesting that modulate response treatments influence anti-tumor inflammatory-related side effects. In this review, we will discuss importance their implications for toxicities.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Inflammation and Body Health

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(13), P. 7379 - 7379

Published: July 5, 2024

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly including acetate, propionate and butyrate, are produced by intestinal bacteria during the fermentation of partially digested indigestible polysaccharides. SCFAs play an important role in regulating energy metabolism maintaining homeostasis environment also regulatory organs tissues outside gut. In recent years, many studies have shown that can regulate inflammation affect host health, two main signaling mechanisms been identified: activation G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) inhibition histone deacetylase (HDAC). addition, a growing body evidence highlights importance every SCFA influencing health maintenance disease development. this review, we summarized advances concerning biological properties their pathways health. Hopefully, it provide systematic theoretical basis for nutritional prevention treatment human diseases.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome as a biomarker and therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Abstract Studying the effects of microbiome on development different types cancer has recently received increasing research attention. In this context, microbial content organs gastrointestinal tract been proposed to play a potential role in pancreatic (PC). Proposed mechanisms for pathogenesis PC include persistent inflammation caused by microbiota leading an impairment antitumor immune surveillance and altered cellular processes tumor microenvironment. The limited available diagnostic markers that can currently be used screening suggest importance composition as non-invasive biomarker clinical settings. Samples including saliva, stool, blood analyzed 16 s rRNA sequencing determine relative abundance specific bacteria. Studies have shown potentially beneficial prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, fecal transplantation, bacteriophage therapy altering diversity, subsequently improving treatment outcomes. review, we summarize impact PC, these microorganisms might biomarkers diagnosis determining prognosis patients. We also discuss novel methods being minimize or prevent progression dysbiosis modulating composition. Emerging evidence is supportive applying findings improve current therapeutic strategies employed PC.

Language: Английский

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Roles of microbiota in pancreatic cancer development and treatment

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis. This due to the fact that most cases are only diagnosed at advanced and palliative stage, there a high incidence of therapy resistance. Despite ongoing efforts, date, mechanisms underlying PDAC oncogenesis its responses treatment still largely unclear. As study microbiome in cancer progresses, growing evidence suggests bacteria or fungi might be key players both as well resistance chemo- immunotherapy, for instance through modulation tumor microenvironment reshaping host immune response. Here, we review how microbiota exerts these effects directly indirectly via microbial-derived metabolites. Finally, further discuss potential modulating composition PDAC.

Language: Английский

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Tumor microbiome – an integral part of the tumor microenvironment

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a significant role in progression and cancer cell survival. Besides malignant cells non-malignant components, including immune cells, elements of the extracellular matrix, stromal endothelial microbiome is considered to be an integral part TME. Mounting evidence from preclinical clinical studies evaluated presence type-specific intratumoral bacteria. Differences composition between cancerous tissues benign controls suggest importance microbiome-based approach. Complex host-microbiota crosstalk within TME affects biology via regulation oncogenic pathways, response modulation, interaction with microbiota-derived metabolites. Significantly, involvement tumor-associated microbiota drug metabolism highlights therapeutic implications. This review aims summarize current knowledge about emerging various types solid malignancies. utility treatment also discussed. Moreover, we provide overview trials evaluating patients. research focusing on communication gut microbiomes may bring new opportunities for targeting increase efficacy improve patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Anticancer Effects of Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Cancers

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(7), P. 849 - 856

Published: March 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids regulate gastrointestinal tumor immunity: a novel therapeutic strategy?

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 14, 2023

Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), a tumor-derived component, is proven to be closely related the development, metastasis, and recurrence of tumors. Gut microbiota its fermented-metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play critical role in maintaining homeostasis gastrointestinal Consisting mainly acetate, propionate, butyrate, SCFAs can interact with G protein-coupled receptors 43 T helper 1 cell or restrain histone deacetylases (HDACs) cytotoxic lymphocytes exert immunotherapy effects. Studies have shed light on mediate differentiation function regulatory cells, as well cytokine production TIME. Additionally, alter epigenetic modification CD8+ cells by inhibiting HDACs participate response process. In tumors, abundance their producing bacteria significantly reduced. Direct supplementation dietary fiber probiotics, fecal transplantation change structure gut both increase level inhibit tumor development. The mechanism which modulate progression tumors has been elucidated this review, aiming provide prospects for development novel immunotherapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Bodywide ecological interventions on cancer

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 59 - 74

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Functional biotransformation of phytoestrogens by gut microbiota with impact on cancer treatment

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 118, P. 109368 - 109368

Published: April 25, 2023

The human gut is a host for trillions of microorganisms, divided into more than 3,000 heterogeneous species that called the microbiota. microbiota composition can be altered by many different endogenous and exogenous factors, especially diet nutrition. A rich in phytoestrogens, variable group chemical compounds similar to 17-β-estradiol (E2), essential female steroid sex hormone potent change However, metabolism phytoestrogens also highly depends on action enzymes produced Novel studies have shown could play an important role treatment types cancers, such as breast cancer women, due their potential decrease estrogen levels. This review aims summarize recent findings about lively dialogue between address possible future application, treating patients with diagnosed cancer. therapeutic approach prevention improving outcomes based targeted probiotic supplementation use soy phytoestrogens. positive effect probiotics outcome survival has been established. vivo scientific are needed pave way clinical practice treatment.

Language: Английский

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