Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 577 - 595

Published: April 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Postoperative Probiotics Administration Attenuates Gastrointestinal Complications and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Caused by Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 356 - 356

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

The current study aims to evaluate the potential roles of taking probiotics postoperatively in attenuating gastrointestinal complications and disturbed gut microbiota colorectal cancer (CRC) patients undergoing chemotherapy. One hundred eligible CRC who were treated with radical surgery needed receive chemotherapy recruited. Half them randomly assigned Probio group take a probiotic combination from post-operation end first chemotherapeutic course. other half placebo instead classified as Placebo group. Gastrointestinal such nausea, acid reflux, abdominal pain, distention, constipation, diarrhea recorded during Fecal samples collected preoperatively after cycle postoperative for 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analysis. Results showed that administration could effectively reduce chemotherapy-induced complications, particularly (p < 0.01). Additionally, also reduced bacterial diversity indexes patients, which be significantly increased by probiotics. Moreover, this caused significant changes composition microbiota, indicated decreased phylum levels Firmicutes Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia. In particular, several genera Akkermansia Clostridium increased, while Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Roseburia 0.05). However, restore these taxa both at genus levels, mildly increase Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Blautia. Furthermore, promote production SCFAs, increasing acetate, butyrate, propionate 0.0001). These results support beneficial effects interventions novel alternative or complementary strategies chemoprevention.

Language: Английский

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The impact of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on macrophage activities in disease: Mechanisms and therapeutic potentials

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 165, P. 115276 - 115276

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from the fermentation of carbohydrates by gut microbiota play a crucial role in regulating host physiology. Among them, acetate, propionate, and butyrate are key players various biological processes. Recent research has revealed their significant functions immune inflammatory responses. For instance, reduces development interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) generating cells while promoting regulatory T (Treg) cells. Propionate inhibits initiation Th2 response dendritic (DCs). Notably, SCFAs have an inhibitory impact on polarization M2 macrophages, emphasizing immunomodulatory properties potential for therapeutics. In animal models asthma, both propionate suppress pathway, thus reducing allergic airway inflammation. Moreover, dysbiosis leading to altered SCFA production been implicated prostate cancer progression. trigger autophagy promote accelerating tumor advancement. Manipulating microbiota- producing holds promise treatment. Additionally, enhance expression hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) blocking histone deacetylase, resulting increased antibacterial effectors improved macrophage-mediated elimination microorganisms. This highlights antimicrobial defense mechanisms. comprehensive review provides in-depth analysis latest functional aspects underlying mechanisms relation macrophage activities wide range diseases, including infectious diseases cancers. By elucidating intricate interplay between functions, this aims contribute understanding therapeutic pave way future interventions targeting disease management.

Language: Английский

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Combining gut microbiota modulation and chemotherapy by capecitabine-loaded prebiotic nanoparticle improves colorectal cancer therapy

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy efficiency can be influenced by the microbiota in gastrointestinal tract. Compared with traditional intervention, prebiotics delivery into gut is a more controllable method for modulatory therapy. Capecitabine (Cap), first-line chemotherapeutic agent CRC, lacks carrier that prolong its half-life. Here, we construct Cap-loaded nanoparticle using prebiotic xylan-stearic acid conjugate (SCXN). The oral administration of SCXN delays drug clearance blood and increases intra-tumoral Cap concentration CRC mouse model. also facilitates probiotic proliferation short chain fatty production. free Cap, enhances anti-tumor immunity tumor inhibition rate from 5.29 to 71.78%. exhibits good biocompatibility prolongs median survival time mice 14 33.5 d. This prebiotics-based provides promising treatment combining modulation chemotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome as a biomarker and therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Abstract Studying the effects of microbiome on development different types cancer has recently received increasing research attention. In this context, microbial content organs gastrointestinal tract been proposed to play a potential role in pancreatic (PC). Proposed mechanisms for pathogenesis PC include persistent inflammation caused by microbiota leading an impairment antitumor immune surveillance and altered cellular processes tumor microenvironment. The limited available diagnostic markers that can currently be used screening suggest importance composition as non-invasive biomarker clinical settings. Samples including saliva, stool, blood analyzed 16 s rRNA sequencing determine relative abundance specific bacteria. Studies have shown potentially beneficial prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, fecal transplantation, bacteriophage therapy altering diversity, subsequently improving treatment outcomes. review, we summarize impact PC, these microorganisms might biomarkers diagnosis determining prognosis patients. We also discuss novel methods being minimize or prevent progression dysbiosis modulating composition. Emerging evidence is supportive applying findings improve current therapeutic strategies employed PC.

Language: Английский

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Modulation of the Neuro–Cancer Connection by Metabolites of Gut Microbiota

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 270 - 270

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

The gut-brain-cancer axis represents a novel and intricate connection between the gut microbiota, neurobiology, cancer progression. Recent advances have accentuated significant role of microbiota metabolites in modulating systemic processes that influence both brain health tumorigenesis. This paper explores emerging concept metabolite-mediated modulation within connection, focusing on key such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan derivatives, secondary bile acids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS). While microbiota's impact immune regulation, neuroinflammation, tumor development is well established, gaps remain grasping how specific contribute to neuro-cancer interactions. We discuss with potential implications for neurobiology cancer, indoles polyamines, which yet be extensively studied. Furthermore, we review preclinical clinical evidence linking dysbiosis, altered metabolite profiles, tumors, showcasing limitations research gaps, particularly human longitudinal studies. Case studies investigating microbiota-based interventions, including dietary changes, fecal transplantation, probiotics, demonstrate promise but also indicate hurdles translating these findings therapies. concludes call standardized multi-omics approaches bi-directional frameworks integrating microbiome, neuroscience, oncology develop personalized therapeutic strategies patients.

Language: Английский

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The research advance of resistant starch: structural characteristics, modification method, immunomodulatory function, and its delivery systems application

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 64(29), P. 10885 - 10902

Published: July 6, 2023

Resistant starch, also known as anti-digestion enzymatic which cannot be digested or absorbed in the human small intestine. It can fermented large intestine into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and metabolites, are advantageous to body. Starches classify rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly (SDS), resistant (RS), possess high thermal stability, low water holding capacity, emulsification characteristics. has excellent physiological functions such stabilizing postprandial blood glucose levels, preventing type II diabetes, intestinal inflammation, regulating gut microbiota phenotype. is extensively utilized food processing, delivery system construction, Pickering emulsion due its processing properties. The starches, with their higher resistance hydrolysis, support suitability a potential drug carrier. Therefore, this review focuses on structural features, modification characteristics, immunomodulatory functions, applications. objective was provide theoretical guidance for applying of health related industries.

Language: Английский

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Alterations of Vaginal Microbiota and Chlamydia trachomatis as Crucial Co-Causative Factors in Cervical Cancer Genesis Procured by HPV

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 662 - 662

Published: March 6, 2023

Chlamydia trachomatis and human papillomavirus (HPV) are the most common pathogens found in sexually transmitted infections (STIs), both known to increase risk of cervical cancer (CC) infertility. HPV is extremely worldwide, scientists use it distinguish between low-risk high-risk genotypes. In addition, transmission can occur via simple contact genital area. From 50 80% active individuals become infected with C. viruses during their lifetime, up 50% an oncogenic genotype. The natural history this coinfection strongly conditioned by balance host microbiome immune condition infecting agent. Though infection often regresses, tends persist throughout adult life asymptomatically silently. partnership basically due similarities: routes, reciprocal advantages, same factors. a Gram-negative bacteria, similar HPV, intracellular bacterium, which shows unique biphasic development that helps latter continue its steady progression into entire life. Indeed, depending on individual’s condition, migrate toward upper tract spread uterus, fallopian tubes open pathway invasion. related female facilitated decay first line defense vaginal environment, constituted healthy characterized net equilibrium all components. Thus, aim paper was highlight complexity fragility microenvironment accentuate fundamental role elements systems involved, including Lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus gasseri, jensenii, crispatus) immune–endocrine system, preserving from mutation. Therefore, age, diet, genetic predisposition together unspecific, persistent low-grade inflammatory state were be implicated high frequency severity grade disease, potentially resulting pre-cancerous cancerous lesions.

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive review on food hydrocolloids as gut modulators in the food matrix and nutrition: The hydrocolloid-gut-health axis

Food Hydrocolloids, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 109068 - 109068

Published: July 14, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Impact of the Gut Microbiome, Environment, and Diet in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Development

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 676 - 676

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Traditionally considered a disease common in the older population, colorectal cancer is increasing incidence among younger demographics. Evidence suggests that populational- and generational-level shifts composition of human gut microbiome may be tied to recent trends gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. This review provides an overview current research putative mechanisms behind rising with insight into future interventions prevent or reverse rate early-onset carcinoma.

Language: Английский

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