Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
172(2), P. 295 - 312
Published: March 7, 2024
Abstract
Hyperactivation
of
the
cyclic‐GMP‐AMP
synthase
(cGAS)–stimulator
interferon
genes
(STING)
signalling
pathway
has
been
shown
to
be
associated
with
development
a
variety
inflammatory
diseases,
and
discovery
an
inhibitor
cGAS‐STING
holds
great
promise
in
therapeutic
interventions.
Epimedium
flavonoid
(EF),
major
active
ingredient
isolated
from
medicinal
plant
Epimedium,
reported
have
good
anti‐inflammatory
activity,
but
its
exact
mechanism
action
remains
unclear.
In
present
study,
we
found
that
EF
mouse
bone
marrow‐derived
macrophages
(BMDMs),
THP‐1
(Tohoku
Hospital
Pediatrics‐1)
as
well
human
peripheral
blood
mononuclear
cells
(hPBMC)
inhibited
activation
pathway,
which
subsequently
led
decrease
expression
type
I
(IFN‐β,
CXCL10
ISG15)
pro‐inflammatory
cytokines
(IL‐6
TNF‐α).
Mechanistically,
does
not
affect
STING
oligomerization,
inhibits
formation
functional
signalosome
by
attenuating
interaction
regulatory
factor
3
(IRF3)
TANK‐binding
kinase
1
(TBK1).
Importantly,
vivo
experiments,
promising
effects
on
diseases
mediated
include
agonist
model
induced
DMXAA
stimulation,
autoimmune
disease
three
prime
repair
exonuclease
(
Trex1
)
deficiency,
non‐alcoholic
steatohepatitis
(NASH)
pathogenic
amino
acid
choline
deficiency
diet
(MCD).
To
summarize,
our
study
suggests
is
potent
potential
component
for
treatment
pathway.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(14), P. 7519 - 7519
Published: July 7, 2022
In
recent
years,
there
has
been
considerable
interest
in
icariin
(ICA)
and
its
derivates,
icariside
II
(ICS)
icaritin
(ICT),
due
to
their
wide
range
of
potential
applications
preventing
cancer,
cardiovascular
disease,
osteoporosis,
delaying
the
effects
Alzheimer's
treating
erectile
dysfunction,
etc.
However,
poor
water
solubility
membrane
permeability,
resulting
low
bioavailability,
dampens
beneficial
effects.
this
regard,
several
strategies
have
developed,
such
as
pharmaceutical
technologies,
structural
transformations,
absorption
enhancers.
All
these
manage
improve
bioavailability
above-mentioned
flavonoids,
thus
increasing
concentration
desired
places.
This
paper
focuses
on
gathering
latest
knowledge
for
enhancing
efficacy
icariin,
II,
icaritin.
We
conclude
that
is
an
opportunity
many
further
improvements
field.
To
best
our
knowledge,
no
review
articles
scoping
improvement
derivates
published
date.
Therefore,
can
be
a
good
starting
point
all
those
who
want
deepen
understanding
Journal of Functional Biomaterials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1), P. 44 - 44
Published: Jan. 12, 2023
Among
scaffolds
used
in
tissue
engineering,
natural
biomaterials
such
as
plant-based
materials
show
a
crucial
role
cellular
function
due
to
their
biocompatibility
and
chemical
indicators.
Because
of
environmentally
friendly
behavior
safety,
green
methods
are
so
important
designing
scaffolds.
A
key
bioactive
flavonoid
the
Epimedium
plant,
Icariin
(ICRN),
has
broad
range
applications
improving
constant
non-immunogenic
material,
stimulating
cell
growth,
differentiation
chondrocytes
well
embryonic
stem
cells
towards
cardiomyocytes.
Moreover,
fusion
ICRN
into
hydrogel
or
crosslinking
can
enhance
secretion
collagen
matrix
proteoglycan
bone
cartilage
engineering.
To
scrutinize,
various
types
cancer
cells,
plays
decisive
through
increasing
cytochrome
c
secretion,
Bax/Bcl2
ratio,
poly
(ADP-ribose)
polymerase
caspase
stimulations.
Surprisingly,
induce
apoptosis,
reduce
viability
inhibit
proliferation
repress
tumorigenesis
metastasis.
no
longer
grow
by
halting
cycle
at
two
checkpoints,
G0/G1
G2/M,
inhibition
NF-κB
ICRN.
Besides,
nephrotoxicity
occurring
cisplatin
inhibiting
multidrug
resistance
other
this
biomaterial.
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
165, P. 114706 - 114706
Published: July 1, 2023
Acute
myocardial
infarction
remains
the
leading
cause
of
death
in
humans.
Timely
restoration
blood
perfusion
to
ischemic
myocardium
most
effective
strategy
treatment
acute
infarction,
which
can
significantly
reduce
morbidity
and
mortality.
However,
after
flow
reperfusion,
injury
will
aggravate
induce
apoptosis
cardiomyocytes,
a
process
called
ischemia-reperfusion
injury.
Studies
have
shown
that
loss
cardiomyocytes
caused
by
oxidative
stress,
iron
load,
increased
lipid
peroxidation,
inflammation
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
etc.,
are
involved
In
recent
years,
with
in-depth
research
on
pathology
injury,
people
gradually
realized
there
is
new
form
cell
pathological
namely
ferroptosis.
A
number
studies
found
tissue
patients
changes
closely
related
ferroptosis,
such
as
metabolism
disorder,
reactive
oxygen
species
free
radicals.
Natural
plant
products
resveratrol,
baicalin,
cyanidin-3-O-glucoside,
naringenin,
astragaloside
IV
also
exert
therapeutic
effects
correcting
imbalance
these
ferroptosis-related
factors
expression
levels.
Combining
our
previous
studies,
this
review
summarizes
regulatory
mechanism
natural
intervening
ferroptosis
order
provide
reference
information
for
development
targeted
inhibitor
drugs
cardiovascular
diseases.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: June 27, 2023
A
metabolic
bone
disorder
called
osteoporosis
is
characterized
by
decreased
mass
and
compromised
microarchitecture.
This
condition
can
deteriorate
bones
raise
the
risk
of
fractures.
The
two
main
causes
are
an
increase
in
osteoclast
activity
or
quantity
a
decrease
osteoblast
viability.
Numerous
mechanisms,
including
estrogen
shortage,
aging,
chemical
agents,
mechanical
loads,
have
been
linked
to
osteoporosis.
Inflammation
oxidative
stress
recently
osteoporosis,
according
increasing
number
studies.
primary
medications
used
treat
at
moment
bisphosphonates
selective
receptor
modulators
(SERMs).
These
work
well
for
brought
on
aging
deprivation,
however,
they
do
not
target
inflammation
stress-induced
In
addition,
these
drugs
some
limitations
that
attributed
various
side
effects
overcome.
Traditional
Chinese
medicine
(TCM)
has
applied
many
years
high
safety
profile.
Therefore,
this
review,
literature
related
botanical
effect
was
searched
for.
Moreover,
pharmacologically
active
ingredients
herbs
pathways
were
discussed
may
contribute
discovery
more
safe
effective
treatment
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
28(20), P. 7173 - 7173
Published: Oct. 19, 2023
Epimedium
is
a
classical
Chinese
herbal
medicine,
which
has
been
used
extensively
to
treat
various
diseases,
such
as
sexual
dysfunction,
osteoporosis,
cancer,
rheumatoid
arthritis,
and
brain
diseases.
Flavonoids,
icariin,
baohuoside
I,
icaritin,
epimedin
C,
are
the
main
active
ingredients
with
diverse
pharmacological
activities.
Currently,
most
flavonoids
extracted
from
plants,
but
this
method
cannot
meet
increasing
market
demand.
Biotransformation
strategies
promised
huge
potential
for
contents
of
high-value
flavonoids,
would
promote
full
use
herb.
Complete
biosynthesis
major
by
microbial
cell
factories
enable
industrial-scale
production
flavonoids.
This
review
summarizes
structures,
activities,
pathways
in
plant,
well
extraction
methods
advancements
biotransformation
complete
synthesis
provide
valuable
insights
future
studies
on
herb
usage
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
173, P. 116422 - 116422
Published: March 11, 2024
Osteoporosis,
characterized
by
low
bone
mass
and
microarchitecture
breakdown,
has
become
a
growing
public
health
problem.
The
increase
in
oxidative
stress
could
lead
to
an
imbalance
between
osteoblasts-mediated
osteogenesis
osteoclast-mediated
resorption,
which
gives
rise
osteoporosis.
Nrf2
is
master
transcription
factor
that
regulates
recently
been
reported
take
part
the
development
of
Icariin,
leading
active
flavonoid
herbal
Epimedium
pubescens,
significant
antioxidant
activity
widely
applied
for
treating
diseases.
In
this
study,
we
aimed
explore
effect
icariin
on
osteoclastogenesis
its
potential
mechanism
from
perspective
inhibition,
using
ovariectomized
(OVX)
rats
RANKL-induced
RAW264.7
cells.
Our
results
demonstrated
icariin-treated
OVX
exhibited
higher
density,
fewer
tartrate-resistant
acid
phosphatase
(TRAP)-positive
osteoclasts,
lower
ROS
levels
tissues
than
vehicle-treated
rats.
Also,
suppressed
osteoclast
differentiation
inhibited
expression
osteoclastogenesis-related
genes,
such
as
NFATc1,
Ctsk,
Trap,
c-Fos,
Icariin
also
reduced
intracellular
increasing
nuclear
HO-1.
Further
mechanistic
studies
showed
Cullin
3
delay
degradation
reducing
ubiquitination
endogenous
RANKL-stimulated
cells,
these
effects
were
markedly
reversed
cullin
three
overexpression.
These
findings
suggest
alleviated
osteoporosis
suppressing
via
targeting
3/Nrf2/OH
signaling
pathway.
study
implied
may
be
candidate
treat
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: July 18, 2024
Abstract
Rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA)
is
a
chronic
autoimmune
disease
marked
by
synovitis
and
cartilage
destruction.
The
active
compound,
icariin
(ICA),
derived
from
the
herb
Epimedium,
exhibits
potent
anti-inflammatory
properties.
However,
its
clinical
utility
limited
water
insolubility,
poor
permeability,
low
bioavailability.
To
address
these
challenges,
we
developed
multifunctional
drug
delivery
system—adipose-derived
stem
cells-exosomes
(ADSCs-EXO)-ICA
to
target
macrophages
in
synovial
tissue
modulate
macrophage
polarization
M1
M2.
High-performance
liquid
chromatography
analysis
confirmed
92.4
±
0.008%
loading
efficiency
for
ADSCs-EXO-ICA.
In
vitro
studies
utilizing
cellular
immunofluorescence
(IF)
flow
cytometry
demonstrated
significant
inhibition
of
proliferation
Enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay,
transcriptomics,
real-time
quantitative
PCR
indicated
that
ADSCs-EXO-ICA
promotes
an
M1-to-M2
phenotypic
transition
reducing
glycolysis
through
ERK/HIF-1α/GLUT1
pathway.
vivo,
effectively
accumulated
joints.
Pharmacodynamic
assessments
revealed
decreased
cytokine
levels
mitigated
symptoms
collagen-induced
(CIA)
rats.
Histological
micro
computed
tomography
markedly
ameliorated
preserved
cartilage.
Further
vivo
suppresses
promoting
switch
suppressing
glycolysis.
Western
blotting
supported
therapeutic
efficacy
RA,
confirming
role
modulating
function
energy
metabolism
regulation.
Thus,
this
study
not
only
introduces
system
significantly
enhances
anti-RA
but
also
elucidates
mechanism
action
inhibition.
Graphical
abstract
