The Multifaceted Role of the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Emotion, Decision Making, Social Cognition, and Psychopathology

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 83(8), P. 638 - 647

Published: Nov. 21, 2017

Language: Английский

---

Nature experience reduces rumination and subgenual prefrontal cortex activation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 112(28), P. 8567 - 8572

Published: June 29, 2015

Significance More than 50% of people now live in urban areas. By 2050 this proportion will be 70%. Urbanization is associated with increased levels mental illness, but it’s not yet clear why. Through a controlled experiment, we investigated whether nature experience would influence rumination (repetitive thought focused on negative aspects the self), known risk factor for illness. Participants who went 90-min walk through natural environment reported lower and showed reduced neural activity an area brain linked to illness compared those walked environment. These results suggest that accessible areas may vital health our rapidly urbanizing world.

Language: Английский

---

Reduced default mode network functional connectivity in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 116(18), P. 9078 - 9083

Published: April 12, 2019

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and disabling, but its neuropathophysiology remains unclear. Most studies of functional brain networks in MDD have had limited statistical power data analysis approaches varied widely. The REST-meta-MDD Project resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI) addresses these issues. Twenty-five research groups China established the Consortium by contributing R-fMRI from 1,300 patients with 1,128 normal controls (NCs). Data were preprocessed locally a standardized protocol before aggregated group analyses. We focused on connectivity (FC) within default mode network (DMN), frequently reported to be increased MDD. Instead, we found decreased DMN FC when compared 848 794 NCs 17 sites after exclusion. reduction only recurrent MDD, not first-episode drug-naïve Decreased was associated medication usage duration. also positively related symptom severity Exploratory analyses revealed alterations visual, sensory-motor, dorsal attention confirmed key role reduced rather than DMN. Future should test whether mediates response treatment. All indices contributed consortium are being shared publicly via Maps Project.

Language: Английский

---

Reflecting on rumination: Consequences, causes, mechanisms and treatment of rumination

Behaviour Research and Therapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 127, P. 103573 - 103573

Published: Jan. 31, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Precision psychiatry: a neural circuit taxonomy for depression and anxiety

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 3(5), P. 472 - 480

Published: April 15, 2016

Language: Английский

---

An active inference theory of allostasis and interoception in depression

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 371(1708), P. 20160011 - 20160011

Published: Oct. 11, 2016

In this paper, we integrate recent theoretical and empirical developments in predictive coding active inference accounts of interoception (including the Embodied Predictive Interoception Coding model) with working hypotheses from theory constructed emotion to propose a biologically plausible unified mind that places metabolism energy regulation (i.e. allostasis), as well sensory consequences interoception), at its core. We then consider implications approach for understanding depression. speculate depression is disorder allostasis, whose myriad symptoms result 'locked in' brain relatively insensitive context. conclude brief discussion ways our might reveal new insights treatment depression.This article part themed issue 'Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition mental health'.

Language: Английский

---

Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression: fMRI-measured brain mechanisms

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Oct. 9, 2017

Abstract Psilocybin with psychological support is showing promise as a treatment model in psychiatry but its therapeutic mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) were measured magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before after psilocybin (serotonin agonist) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Quality pre post fMRI data collected from 16 of 19 patients. Decreased depressive symptoms observed all patients at 1-week post-treatment 47% met criteria response 5 weeks. Whole-brain analyses revealed decreases CBF the temporal cortex, including amygdala. amygdala correlated reduced symptoms. Focusing on priori selected circuitry RSFC analyses, increased was within default-mode network (DMN) post-treatment. Increased ventromedial prefrontal cortex-bilateral inferior lateral parietal cortex predictive 5-weeks, decreased parahippocampal-prefrontal RSFC. These fill an important knowledge gap regarding brain effects psilocybin, first depressed The changes different to previously acute other ‘psychedelics’ yet related clinical outcomes. A ‘reset’ mechanism proposed.

Language: Английский

---

Rumination and the default mode network: Meta-analysis of brain imaging studies and implications for depression

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 206, P. 116287 - 116287

Published: Oct. 23, 2019

Rumination is strongly and consistently correlated with depression. Although multiple studies have explored the neural correlates of rumination, findings been inconsistent mechanisms underlying rumination remain elusive. Functional brain imaging identified areas in default mode network (DMN) that appear to be critically involved ruminative processes. However, a meta-analysis synthesize regions currently lacking. Here, we conducted consisting experimental tasks investigate by using Signed Differential Mapping 14 fMRI comprising 286 healthy participants. Furthermore, rather than treat DMN as unitary network, examined contribution three subsystems rumination. Results confirm suspected association between activation, specifically implicating core dorsal medial prefrontal cortex subsystem. Based on these findings, suggest hypothesis how support present implications this model for treating major depressive disorder characterized

Language: Английский

---

Acupuncture for depression.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 1, P. CD004046 - CD004046

Published: Jan. 20, 2010

There is interest from the community in use of self help and complementary therapies for depression. This review examined currently available evidence supporting acupuncture to treat depression.To examine effectiveness adverse effects treatment depression.The following databases were searched: CCDAN-CTR, Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (1966 Dec 2008), EMBASE (1980 PSYCINFO (1874 Database Abstracts Reviews Effectiveness (DARE), CINAHL Wan Fang database (to 2008). The terms used: depression, depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder acupuncture.Inclusion criteria included all published unpublished randomised controlled trials comparing with sham acupuncture, no treatment, pharmacological other structured psychotherapies (cognitive behavioural therapy, psychotherapy or counselling), standard care. modes included: electro laser acupuncture. participants adult men women depression defined by clinical state description, diagnosed Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), Research Criteria (RDC), International Classification Disease (ICD) Diagnosis Mental Diseases CCMD-3-R.Meta-analyses performed using relative risk dichotomous outcomes mean differences continuous outcomes, 95% confidence intervals. Primary reduction severity measured rating scales, clinician rated scales an improvement as remission versus remission.This update now contains data 30 studies. Following recent searches, 23 new studies have been added a further 11 excluded (due suboptimal doses medication, insufficient reporting). Thirty 2,812 are meta-analysis.There was high bias majority trials. consistent beneficial effect compared wait list control control. Two found may additive benefit when combined medication alone. A subgroup co-morbidity experienced manual SSRIs (RR 1.66, 95%CI 1.03, 2.68) (three trials, 94 participants). between groups.We recommend people results limited meeting inclusion criteria.

Language: Английский

---

Residential greenness and prevalence of major depressive disorders: a cross-sectional, observational, associational study of 94 879 adult UK Biobank participants

The Lancet Planetary Health, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 2(4), P. e162 - e173

Published: April 1, 2018

BackgroundIncreased urbanisation and the associated reduced contact of individuals with natural environments have led to a rise in mental disorders, including depression. Residential greenness, fundamental component urban design, has been shown reduce public health burden disorders. The present study investigates association between residential green exposure prevalence major depressive disorders using large diverse cross-sectional dataset from UK Biobank.MethodsIn this cross-sectional, observational, associational study, we used baseline data Biobank cohort participants aged 37–73 years across UK. Environmental were derived modelled linked built environment database. greenness was assessed 0·5 m resolution Normalised Difference Vegetation Index, which is spectral reflectance measurements remotely sensed colour infrared measured within geocoded dwelling catchments. Other metrics included street-level movement density, terrain, fine particulate exposures. A series logistic models examined associations odds disorder after adjusting for activity-influencing individual covariates.FindingsOf 122 993 on disorder, analytical sample comprised 94 879 (77·1%) recruited ten assessment centres April 29, 2009, Oct 1, 2010. protective effect depression consistently observed, 4·0% lower per interquartile increment Index (odds ratio 0·960, 95% CI 0·93–0·99; p=0·0044). Interaction analyses indicated that beneficial effects more pronounced among women, younger than 60 years, residing areas low neighbourhood socioeconomic status or high urbanicity.InterpretationThe results point benefits well designed health. Further longitudinal studies are needed decipher causal pathways. In UK, policies aimed at optimising allocation design spaces might help preserve psychological ecosystem services, thereby, improving wellbeing populations enhancing capital cities.FundingUniversity Hong Kong, Biobank, Economic & Social Research Council.

Language: Английский

---