Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of activating 5HT2A receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex and the theoretical mechanisms underlying them – A scoping review of available literature

Brain Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1846, P. 149226 - 149226

Published: Sept. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Neural Mechanisms of Resting-State Networks and the Amygdala Underlying the Cognitive and Emotional Effects of Psilocybin

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(1), P. 57 - 66

Published: Jan. 6, 2024

Background Serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin, alter perceptual and cognitive systems that are functionally integrated with the amygdala. These changes can cognition emotions hypothesised to contribute their therapeutic utility. However, neural mechanisms of subcortical altered by psychedelics not well understood. Methods We used functional MRI resting state images collected during a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial 24 healthy adults under 0.2mg/kg psilocybin estimate directed (i.e., effective) between amygdala three large-scale resting-state networks involved in cognition. default mode network (DMN), salience (SN), central executive (CEN). Results found pattern decreased top-down effective connectivity from these Effective within DMN SN however increased CEN. were statistically associated behavioural measures emotion influence psilocybin. Conclusions Our findings suggest temporary signal attenuation is mechanistic RSN connectivity. significant for perception suggests targets research investigating efficacy psychedelic therapy internalising psychiatric disorders. More broadly, our study value quantifying brain's hierarchical organisation using identify important basic function how they give rise subjective experiences.

Language: Английский

---

Unique Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Psilocybin Therapy Versus Escitalopram Treatment in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 806 - 841

Published: March 7, 2024

Abstract The mechanisms by which Psilocybin Therapy (PT) improves depression remain an important object of study, with scientists actively exploring acute psychological experiences and neurobiological processes as candidates. In a phase 2, double-blind, randomized, active comparator controlled trial involving patients moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder, we investigated whether could meaningfully account for the unique efficacy PT versus Escitalopram Treatment over core 6-week period. An exploratory-factor-analysis-derived single-factor was used outcome. Among comprehensive set related to psilocybin, so-called “mystical experience” “ego dissolution” were in mediating effect treatment condition on response high specificity. Higher reported levels mystical experience, emotional breakthrough, intense responses music-listening furthermore associated greater antidepressant response. These results provide qualified support causal mechanistic role via PT.

Language: Английский

---

Computational modelling in disorders of consciousness: Closing the gap towards personalised models for restoring consciousness

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 275, P. 120162 - 120162

Published: May 15, 2023

Disorders of consciousness are complex conditions characterised by persistent loss responsiveness due to brain injury. They present diagnostic challenges and limited options for treatment, highlight the urgent need a more thorough understanding how human arises from coordinated neural activity. The increasing availability multimodal neuroimaging data has given rise wide range clinically- scientifically-motivated modelling efforts, seeking improve data-driven stratification patients, identify causal mechanisms patient pathophysiology broadly, develop simulations as means testing in silico potential treatment avenues restore consciousness. As dedicated Working Group clinicians neuroscientists international Curing Coma Campaign, here we provide our framework vision understand diverse statistical generative computational approaches that being employed this fast-growing field. We gaps exist between current state-of-the-art biophysical neuroscience, aspirational goal mature field disorders consciousness; which might drive improved treatments outcomes clinic. Finally, make several recommendations whole can work together address these challenges.

Language: Английский

---

Altered States and Social Bonds: Effects of MDMA and Serotonergic Psychedelics on Social Behavior as a Mechanism Underlying Substance-Assisted Therapy

Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 490 - 499

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

There has been renewed interest in the use of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) and serotonergic psychedelics treatment multiple psychiatric disorders. Many these compounds are known to produce prosocial effects, but how effects relate therapeutic efficacy extent which unique a particular drug class is unknown. In this article, we present narrative overview compare evidence for MDMA elucidate shared mechanisms that may underlie process. We discuss 4 categories effects: altered self-image, responses social reward, negative input, neuroplasticity. While both drugs alter self-perception, do so way less related experience mystical-type states than psychedelics. case supports ability enhance suggests also so, more research needed area. Both classes consistently dampen reactivity stimuli. Finally, preclinical induce neuroplasticity, promoting adaptive rewiring neural circuits, be helpful trauma processing. they differ through this. These differences affect types psychosocial interventions work best with each compound.

Language: Английский

---

Psychedelics and disorders of consciousness: the current landscape and the path forward

Neuroscience of Consciousness, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Modern medicine has been shaken by the surge of psychedelic science that proposes a new approach to mitigate mental disorders, such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Clinical trials investigate whether substances can treat psychiatric conditions are now underway, yet less discussion gravitates around their use in neurological disorders due brain injury. One suggested implementation brain-complexity enhancing psychedelics is people with post-comatose consciousness (DoC). In this article, we discuss rationale endeavour, examining possible outcomes experiments postulating existence an optimal level complexity. We consider counterintuitive effects both DoC on functional connectivity default mode network its impact selfhood. also elaborate role computational modelling providing complementary information experimental studies, contributing our understanding treatment mechanisms path towards personalized medicine. Finally, update discourse surrounding ethical considerations, encompassing clinical scientific values.

Language: Английский

---

Psychedelic Experience

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

Abstract Psychedelic Experience presents a philosophical account of psychedelic experience. A central premise the book is that such experiences are mind-revealing and they can be induced by means other than psychedelics. In particular, argues also had as result meditation. The then unified conceptual framework for thinking about different kinds one may have psychedelics, meditation, their combination. This used to shed new light on various commonalities between psychedelics ability promote long-lasting increases in mindfulness reputation inducing mystical experiences. Finally, uses these resources flip things around shine back philosophy itself, arguing tools doing philosophy. approach (or revival an ancient one), which integrates traditional analytic methods with range techniques.

Language: Английский

---

Neural mechanisms of psychedelic visual imagery

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 11, 2024

Abstract Visual alterations under classic psychedelics can include rich phenomenological accounts of eyes-closed imagery. Preclinical evidence suggests agonism the 5-HT2A receptor may reduce synaptic gain to produce psychedelic-induced However, this has not been investigated in humans. To infer directed connectivity changes visual underlying psychedelic imagery healthy adults, a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was performed, and dynamic causal modelling applied resting state functional MRI scans 24 subjects after administration 0.2 mg/kg serotonergic drug, psilocybin (magic mushrooms), or placebo. The effective model included early area, fusiform gyrus, intraparietal sulcus, inferior frontal gyrus. We observed pattern increased self-inhibition both higher visual-association regions that consistent with preclinical findings. also reduced inhibition from earlier areas indicated top-down is enhanced during results were analysed behavioural measures taken immediately scans, suggesting psilocybin-induced decreased sensitivity neural inputs associated perception findings inform our basic clinical understanding perception. They reveal mechanisms that, by affecting balance, increase impact feedback on perception, which could contribute seen experiences.

Language: Английский

---

Disease-specific alterations of effective connectivity across anti-correlated networks in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111283 - 111283

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Psychedelics and schizophrenia: a double-edged sword

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

Language: Английский

---