International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(24), P. 13658 - 13658
Published: Dec. 20, 2024
The
rising
prevalence
of
depression,
with
its
associated
suicide
risk,
demands
effective
fast-acting
treatments.
Ketamine
has
emerged
as
promising,
demonstrating
rapid
antidepressant
effects.
While
early
studies
show
swift
mood
improvements,
precise
mechanisms
remain
unclear.
This
article
aims
to
compile
and
synthesize
the
literature
on
ketamine's
molecular
actions.
primarily
works
by
antagonizing
NMDA
receptors,
reducing
GABAergic
inhibition,
increasing
glutamate
release.
enhanced
activates
AMPA
triggering
crucial
downstream
cascades,
including
BDNF-TrkB
mTOR
pathways,
promoting
synaptic
proliferation
regeneration.
Moreover,
neuroimaging
have
demonstrated
alterations
in
brain
networks
involved
emotional
regulation,
Default
Mode
Network
(DMN),
Central
Executive
(CEN),
Salience
(SN),
which
are
frequently
disrupted
depression.
Despite
promising
findings,
reveals
significant
inaccuracies
gaps
understanding
full
scope
therapeutic
potential.
For
instance,
ketamine
engages
opioid
insinuating
a
permissive
role
system
amplifying
effects,
albeit
does
not
operate
direct
agonist.
Further
exploration
is
requisite
comprehensively
ascertain
safety
profile,
long-term
efficacy,
impact
genetic
determinants,
such
BDNF
polymorphisms,
treatment
responsiveness.
Acta Physiologica,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 28, 2024
Calcium-activated
ligand-gated
chloride
channels,
beyond
their
role
in
maintaining
anion
homeostasis,
modulate
neuronal
excitability
by
facilitating
nonvesicular
neurotransmitter
release.
BEST1,
a
key
member
of
this
family,
is
permeable
to
γ-aminobutyric
acid
(GABA)
and
glutamate.
While
astrocytic
BEST1
well-studied
known
regulate
levels,
its
distribution
other
brain
cell
types
remain
unclear.
This
study
aimed
reassess
the
localization
mouse
cerebral
cortex.
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
44(1)
Published: Nov. 23, 2024
Photobiomodulation
(PBM)
is
a
safe
and
effective
neurotherapy
that
modulates
cellular
pathways
by
altering
cell
membrane
potentials,
leading
to
beneficial
biological
effects
such
as
anti-inflammatory
neuroregenerative
responses.
This
review
compiles
studies
from
PubMed
up
March
2024,
investigating
the
impact
of
light
at
wavelengths
ranging
620
1270
nm
on
ion
channels.
Out
330
articles
screened,
19
met
inclusion
criteria.
Research
indicates
PBM
can
directly
affect
various
channels
influencing
neurotransmitter
synthesis
in
neighboring
cells,
impacting
receptors
like
glutamate
acetylcholine,
well
potassium,
sodium
channels,
transient
receptor
potential
The
diversity
hampers
comprehensive
meta-analysis
for
evaluating
treatment
strategies
effectively.
systematic
aims
explore
role
optoelectronic
signal
transduction
PBM,
studying
neurobiological
mechanisms
therapeutic
significance
However,
lack
uniformity
current
methods
underscores
necessity
establishing
standardized
reliable
approaches.
promising
neurotherapeutic
approach
with
through
its
analyzes
studies,
revealing
influence
channel
activity
emphasizing
need
protocols.
Schizophrenia,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Jan. 21, 2025
Recent
studies
have
showed
aberrant
connectivity
of
cerebello-thalamo-cortical
circuit
(CTCC)
in
schizophrenia
(SCZ),
which
might
be
a
heritable
trait.
However,
these
individual
vary
greatly
their
methods
and
findings,
important
areas
within
CTCC
related
genetic
mechanism
are
unclear.
We
searched
for
consistent
regions
dysfunction
using
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(fMRI)
meta-analysis,
followed
by
meta-regression
annotation
analysis.
Gene
analysis
was
performed
to
identify
genes
over-expressed
the
Allen
Human
Brain
Atlas,
set
gene
feature
analyses.
19
(1333
patients
1174
healthy
controls)
were
included
this
meta-analysis.
SCZ
characterized
hyperconnectivity
auditory
network,
visual
system,
sensorimotor
areas,
hypoconnectivity
frontal
gyrus,
cerebellum,
thalamus,
caudate
nucleus,
significantly
linked
age,
sex,
duration
illness,
severity
symptoms
functionally
enriched
domains
involving
self,
sensory,
action,
social.
2922
regions,
molecular
functions,
biological
processes,
cellular
components
neurons/cells
brain
as
well
other
mental
diseases.
These
specially
expressed
tissue,
neurons
subcortex
cortex
during
nearly
all
developmental
stages,
constructed
protein-protein
interaction
network
supported
85
hub
with
significance.
findings
suggest
key
aberrantly
connected
SCZ,
may
indicate
neural
substrate
"cognitive
dysmetria"
consequence
complex
interactions
from
wide
range
diverse
features.
Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(5)
Published: Jan. 31, 2025
Stroke
is
caused
by
disruption
of
cerebral
blood
flow,
leading
to
neuronal
death
and
dysfunction
in
the
interconnected
areas,
which
results
a
wide
range
severe
symptoms
depending
on
specific
brain
regions
affected.
While
previous
studies
have
primarily
focused
direct
modulation
activity
for
post-stroke
treatment,
accumulating
evidence
suggests
that
astrocytes
may
play
critical
role
progression
could
serve
as
potential
therapeutic
target
recovery.
In
this
study,
we
investigate
effects
selective
astrocytic
calcium
signals
chronic
stroke
using
OptoSTIM1,
an
optogenetic
tool
activates
endogenous
channels.
contrast
channelrhodopsin-2
(ChR2),
OptoSTIM1
robustly
elevates
levels,
sustaining
increase
over
10
min
upon
single
activation.
The
elevation
ipsilesional
sensory-parietal
cortex
leads
remarkable
recovery
from
impairment.
Thus,
manipulating
intracellular
levels
holds
promise
strategy
improving
following
stroke.
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
29(9)
Published: May 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Duchenne
muscular
dystrophy
(DMD)
is
an
X‐linked
disease
caused
by
the
absence
of
functional
dystrophin
in
muscle
cells.
Recent
untargeted
metabolomics
studies
identified
amino
acid
metabolism
alterations
as
biochemical
pathways
potentially
involved
DMD
pathogenesis.
Here,
a
well‐characterised
cohort
children
and
paediatric
controls,
we
investigated
high‐performance
liquid
chromatography
(HPLC)
serum
profile
selected
pool
acids
D‐
L‐configuration,
including
L‐glutamate,
L‐glutamine,
glycine,
L‐aspartate,
D‐aspartate,
L‐asparagine,
L‐serine,
D‐serine.
These
are
known
to
modulate
neurotransmission
play
essential
roles
energy
skeletal
metabolism.
HPLC
determinations
highlighted
general
deregulation
compared
lower
levels
D‐serine,
glycine
D−/Total
serine
ratio.
In
control
subjects,
observed
significant
positive
correlation
between
L‐glutamine
age,
which
lacked
affected
children.
Conversely,
DMD,
(i)
negative
L‐glutamate
L‐aspartate
with
creatinine
creatine
kinase
levels;
(ii)
direct
L‐glutamine/L‐glutamate
ratio
fat‐free
mass
index
(as
determined
dual
X‐ray
absorptiometry)
specific
motor
function
scores
(North
Star
Ambulatory
Assessment);
(iii)
no
correlations
glucocorticoid
treatment
or
cognitive
profile.
Our
study
highlights
levels,
ratio,
multidimensional
measures
wasting
impairment,
suggesting
that
peripheral
glutamine‐glutamate
can
be
suitable
biomarker
severity
progression
patients.
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(14), P. e34425 - e34425
Published: July 1, 2024
This
investigation
delineates
the
influence
of
resistance
training
on
expression
synaptic
plasticity-related
proteins
in
hippocampi
insulin-resistant
mice
and
explores
underlying
molecular
mechanisms.
