The vagal paradox: A polyvagal solution

Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 100200 - 100200

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

Although there is a consistent literature documenting that vagal cardioinhibitory pathways support homeostatic functions, another less frequently cited implicates in compromises to survival humans and other mammals. The latter usually associated with threat reactions, chronic stress, potentially lethal clinical conditions such as hypoxia. Solving this 'vagal paradox' studies conducted the neonatal intensive care unit served motivator for Polyvagal Theory (PVT). paradox resolved when different functions of fibers originating two anatomically distinguishable brainstem areas are recognized. One pathway originates dorsal area known motor nucleus vagus ventral ambiguus. Unlike mammals, all ancestral vertebrates from which mammals evolved, primarily originate vagus. Thus, nerve 'poly' because it contains distinct efferent pathways. Developmental evolutionary biology identify migration culminate an integrated circuit has been labeled complex. This complex consists interneuronal communication source nuclei involved regulating striated muscles head face via special visceral system enables coordination regulation heart sucking, swallowing, breathing, vocalizing forms basis social engagement allows sociality be potent neuromodulator resulting calm states promote function. These biobehavioral features, dependent on maturation complex, can compromised preterm infants. informs us immature mammal (e.g., fetus, infant) not fully functional myelinization complete; neuroanatomical profile may potentiate impact vulnerability confirmed clinically life-threatening reactions apnea bradycardia human newborns, hypothetically mediated through chronotropic Neuroanatomical research documents distribution neurons representing these varies among changes during early development. By explaining solution human, paper highlights provides scientific foundation testing hypotheses generated by PVT.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms for survival: vagal control of goal-directed behavior

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 237 - 251

Published: Nov. 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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Hypnotic Modulation of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 249 - 249

Published: March 4, 2024

Hypnosis, a time-honored therapeutic approach, has gained widespread recognition for its effectiveness in addressing range of psychological and somatic disorders. While primary effects are mediated by central top–down mechanisms, hypnosis also exerts peripheral influence modulating the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Psychophysiological measures, such as heart rate (HR) variability (HRV), electrodermal activity (EDA), respiratory (RR), analgesia nociceptive index (ANI), serve reliable indicators ANS activity. Studies have consistently demonstrated hypnosis’ ability to significantly impact functions, lowering sympathetic enhancing parasympathetic tone. This effect is particularly pronounced during relaxation procedures influenced mediating factors like hypnotizability task conditions. Despite methodological limitations, this review highlights potential enhanced modulation through hypnosis, including connections (CNS), optimize outcomes patients with psychosomatic disorders associated dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Signal processing in the vagus nerve: Hypotheses based on new genetic and anatomical evidence

Biological Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 182, P. 108626 - 108626

Published: July 6, 2023

Each organism must regulate its internal state in a metabolically efficient way as it interacts space and time with an ever-changing only partly predictable world. Success this endeavor is largely determined by the ongoing communication between brain body, vagus nerve crucial structure that dialogue. In review, we introduce novel hypothesis afferent engaged signal processing rather than just relay. New genetic structural evidence of vagal fiber anatomy motivates two hypotheses: (1) sensory signals informing on physiological body compute both spatial temporal viscerosensory features they ascend nerve, following patterns found other architectures, such visual olfactory systems; (2) ascending descending modulate one another, calling into question strict segregation motor signals, respectively. Finally, discuss several implications our hypotheses for understanding role predictive energy regulation (i.e., allostasis) well metabolic memory disorders prediction (e.g., mood disorders).

Language: Английский

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The Moderating Role of Context Processing in the Intergenerational Transmission of Posttraumatic Stress

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 18

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

This pilot study aimed to understand the moderating role of context processing (i.e. encoding and memorizing) when mothers are confronted with threatening stimuli undergo physiologic monitoring in order a possible mechanism favoring intergenerational transmission posttraumatic stress. Thirty-one (M age = 33.87 years, SD 4.14) their toddlers 22.66 months, 7.01) participated study. Mothers reported adverse life events (ALE), current stress symptoms (PTSS), as well regulatory problems toddler. performed context-encoding –memory (CEM) task including emotional facial expressions (especially angry faces considered stimuli) embedded into photo-backgrounds, after which they were asked recognize both contexts. Maternal heart rate variability (HRV) was measured during resting state. PTSS, but not ALE, had impact on child dysregulation only for poor (β 0.014, p .017). Baseline HRV negatively correlated recognition contexts previously associated (ρ -.53, .006), marginally -.37, .059). identifies psychophysiological markers CEM, HRV) that may influence open new avenues early identification intervention traumatized toddlers.

Language: Английский

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Brain-Heart Interactions and Optimizing Psychotherapy

Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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Non‐Invasive Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Decreases Heart Rate Variability Independent of Caloric Load

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 62(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The vagus nerve is crucial in regulating physiological functions, including the cardiovascular system. While heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV) may provide non‐invasive proxies of cardiac vagal activity, transcutaneous auricular stimulation (taVNS) has yielded mixed effects, with limited research on right branch stimulation. In a randomized crossover study 36 healthy participants, we investigated taVNS effects HR HRV indexed by SDRR, RMSSD, HF‐HRV, LF/HF ratio. To assess impact side (left vs. ear) indices interaction state, recorded electrocardiograms four sessions per person, covering three session phases: baseline, during (taVNS sham), post‐milkshake consumption First, found moderate evidence against affecting (BF 10 = 0.21). Second, decreased (multivariate p 0.004) independent strong for RMSSD 15.11) HF‐HRV 11.80). Third, taVNS‐induced changes were comparable across sides stronger than sham, indicating consistent side. We conclude that reduces as SDRR without altering HR, contradicting assumption se increases cardiovagal activity increased due to stimulating afferents. Instead, our results support role afferent activation arousal. Crucially, both can safely modulate system increasing risk bradycardia or causing adverse events offering new treatment possibilities.

Language: Английский

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Research Progress on the Clinical Application of Depth of Anesthesia Monitoring

Advances in Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(03), P. 1091 - 1097

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Safety

Springer briefs in education, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 59 - 82

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

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Polyvagal Theory in Trauma-Informed Music Therapy Practice

Music Therapy Perspectives, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 43(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Polyvagal Theory (PVT) has emerged as a conceptual framework for both understanding autonomic nervous system function and regulating physiological emotional responses (Porges, S. (2022). Theory: A science of safety. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience 16, 871227. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2022.871227). When applied clinical settings the treatment trauma, PVT offers structure resources healing through re-establishment safety connection with self, other, environment (Dana, D. (2018). therapy: Engaging rhythm regulation. Norton). Given effectiveness musical elements, such rhythm, on regulation (Janzen, T. B., Koshimori, Y., Richard, N., & Thaut, M. (2022)Janzen et al., Rhythm music-based interventions motor rehabilitation: Current evidence future perspectives. Human 15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.789467), music therapists are well-prepared knowledge skills needed order to effectively use PVT. The purpose this paper is inform about PVT, outline uses theory therapy practice, encourage continued dialogue applications practice.

Language: Английский

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