PFC/PFAS concentrations in human milk and infant exposure through lactation: a comprehensive review of the scientific literature

Archives of Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Abstract Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), previously known as perfluorinated compounds (PFC), are a group of synthetic chemicals widely used over the past decades. Their extensive application, combined with their environmental persistence, has contributed to ubiquitous presence in environment associated toxicological risks. Regarding humans, blood serum testing remains primary method for biomonitoring PFAS exposure, while breast milk also been due transfer these from mothers infants during lactation. This paper aims review scientific literature (using PubMed Scopus databases) on concentrations non-occupationally exposed women. Where available, estimated daily intake by breastfeeding is examined. The reviewed studies categorized continent country/region, revealing significant lack data many countries, including both developed developing nations. findings indicate substantial variability concentrations, influenced factors such geographic location, sampling year, specific analyzed. Among identified compounds, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) most commonly detected, along perfluorohexanesulfonic (PFHxS) perfluorononanoic (PFNA), being only regulated maximum levels certain foodstuffs. Most were conducted before implementation current (updated) tolerable weekly (TWI) values substances. Consequently, majority reported low health risk infants, even high-intake scenarios. Nevertheless, urgently needed countries limited or no data, new investigations should assess whether intakes exceed updated TWI. Special focus be given rural industrial areas where exposure remain poorly understood.

Language: Английский

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Non-Invasive Matrices for the Human Biomonitoring of PFAS: An Updated Review of the Scientific Literature

Toxics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 134 - 134

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals widely used in consumer industrial products due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, persistence bioaccumulative potential pose significant environmental human health risks. This review focuses on the use of non-invasive matrices-urine, hair, nails-for biomonitoring PFAS, highlighting key findings from scientific studies. While urine offers a practical option, its limited sensitivity for long-chain PFAS requires further analytical advances. Hair nails have demonstrated biomonitoring, with higher detection frequencies concentrations certain compared urine. The variability levels across studies reflects differences population characteristics, exposure sources, geographic regions. emphasizes need standardized methods, expanded studies, complementary matrices enhance accuracy reliability assessment.

Language: Английский

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A review of omics-based PFAS exposure studies reveals common biochemical response pathways

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 845, P. 157255 - 157255

Published: July 8, 2022

Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) are a diverse group of man-made chemicals with range industrial applications which widespread in the environment. They structurally but comprise common chemical feature at least one (though usually more) perfluorocarbon moiety (-CnF2n-) attached to functional such as carboxylic or sulphonic acid. The strength Carbon-Fluorine bond means compounds do not break down easily can thus bioaccumulate. PFAS high concern regulators public due their potential toxicity persistence. At exposure levels, have been implicated harmful effects on human environmental health, particularly problems in/with development, cholesterol endocrine disruption, immune system function, oncogenesis. However, most toxicology studies use far higher levels than generally found Additionally, since type exposure, used, organisms tested all vary between studies, so results. Traditional ecotoxicology may identify environmentally relevant exposures. Here we conduct review omics-based using laboratory ecotoxicological methodologies show that biochemical response pathways identified multiple studies. A major pathway was pentose phosphate shunt pathway. Such molecular markers sublethal will greatly benefit accurate effective risk assessments ensure new regulations consider full health receptors.

Language: Английский

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Curbing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs): First investigation in a constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell system

Water Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 230, P. 119530 - 119530

Published: Dec. 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Landfills: Occurrence, Transformation and Treatment

Waste Management, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 155, P. 162 - 178

Published: Nov. 12, 2022

Language: Английский

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Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and type 2 diabetes risk

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 5, 2022

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous man-made chemicals found in consumer products including fabrics, food packaging, non-stick coatings, aqueous film-forming foams. PFAS stable extremely resistant to degradation, resulting high persistence throughout the environment as well human blood. consist of a large family synthetic chemicals, with over 4000 distinct varieties having been identified around 250 currently being manufactured at globally relevant levels. Numerous epidemiological studies have linked exposure adverse health effects ranging from immunotoxicity, cardiometabolic disease, developmental reproductive effects, cancer, recently type 2 diabetes. Several demonstrated associations between serum concentrations glycemic indicators diabetes glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR adolescent adult cohorts. In addition, some shown positive incident multiple PFAS. However, link development continues be disputed area study, conflicting data reported various studies. this mini review we will summarize current state literature linking discuss important future directions use more complex mixtures-based statistical analyses.

Language: Английский

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Recent progress and challenges on the removal of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from contaminated soil and water

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(39), P. 58405 - 58428

Published: June 26, 2022

Language: Английский

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Impact of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) on the marine environment: Raising awareness, challenges, legislation, and mitigation approaches under the One Health concept

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 194, P. 115309 - 115309

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) have long been known for their detrimental effects on the ecosystems living organisms; however long-term impact marine environment is still insufficiently recognized. Based PFAS persistence bioaccumulation in complex food network, adverse will be exacerbated by global processes such as climate change synergies with other pollutants, like microplastics. The range of fluorochemicals currently included umbrella has significantly expanded due to updated OECD definition, raising new concerns about poorly understood dynamics negative ocean wildlife human health. Mitigation challenges approaches, including biodegradation studied materials environmental removal are proposed here, highlighting importance ongoing monitoring bridging research gaps. EU regulations, good practices legal frameworks discussed, emphasis recommendations improving ecosystem management.

Language: Английский

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A proposed approach to defining per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) based on molecular structure and formula

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. 1333 - 1347

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Abstract Various groups and researchers, including the authors of this work, have proposed different definitions what constitutes per‐ polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The are all based on a structural definition. Although definition is reasonable, such an approach difficult to execute if intent narrow or refine This can also lead inexplicable demarcations not PFAS. Our objective was create narrow, simple PFAS that allows interested communicate with common understanding will serve as starting point focus real environmental concern. studies demonstrated numerous highly fluorinated complex structures exist make structure‐based difficult. We suggest fractional fluorination expressed percentage fluorine molecular formula using atom counting offers advantages. Using combination provide more inclusive succinct Thus, we propose new four substructures along any where 30% by count. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1333–1347. Published 2023. article U.S. Government work in public domain USA. Integrated Environmental Assessment Management published Wiley Periodicals LLC behalf Society Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

Language: Английский

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Enhancement of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulphonic acid removal in constructed wetland using iron mineral: Performance and mechanisms

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 447, P. 130819 - 130819

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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