Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
58(1), P. 3 - 16
Published: Dec. 20, 2023
Water
reuse
is
rapidly
becoming
an
integral
feature
of
resilient
water
systems,
where
municipal
wastewater
undergoes
advanced
treatment,
typically
involving
a
sequence
ultrafiltration
(UF),
reverse
osmosis
(RO),
and
oxidation
process
(AOP).
When
RO
used,
concentrated
waste
stream
produced
that
elevated
in
not
only
total
dissolved
solids
but
also
metals,
nutrients,
micropollutants
have
passed
through
conventional
treatment.
Management
this
concentrate─dubbed
concentrate
(MWRC)─will
be
critical
to
address,
especially
as
practices
become
more
widespread.
Building
on
existing
brine
management
practices,
review
explores
MWRC
options
by
identifying
infrastructural
needs
opportunities
for
multi-beneficial
disposal.
To
safeguard
environmental
systems
from
the
potential
hazards
MWRC,
disposal,
monitoring,
regulatory
techniques
are
discussed
promote
safety
affordability
implementing
management.
Furthermore,
resource
recovery
valorization
differentiated,
while
economic
revamp
cost-benefit
analysis
examined.
The
goal
create
common
foundation
researchers,
practitioners,
regulators
providing
interdisciplinary
set
tools
frameworks
address
impending
challenges
emerging
Environmental Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
58(1), P. 3 - 16
Published: Dec. 20, 2023
Water
reuse
is
rapidly
becoming
an
integral
feature
of
resilient
water
systems,
where
municipal
wastewater
undergoes
advanced
treatment,
typically
involving
a
sequence
ultrafiltration
(UF),
reverse
osmosis
(RO),
and
oxidation
process
(AOP).
When
RO
used,
concentrated
waste
stream
produced
that
elevated
in
not
only
total
dissolved
solids
but
also
metals,
nutrients,
micropollutants
have
passed
through
conventional
treatment.
Management
this
concentrate─dubbed
concentrate
(MWRC)─will
be
critical
to
address,
especially
as
practices
become
more
widespread.
Building
on
existing
brine
management
practices,
review
explores
MWRC
options
by
identifying
infrastructural
needs
opportunities
for
multi-beneficial
disposal.
To
safeguard
environmental
systems
from
the
potential
hazards
MWRC,
disposal,
monitoring,
regulatory
techniques
are
discussed
promote
safety
affordability
implementing
management.
Furthermore,
resource
recovery
valorization
differentiated,
while
economic
revamp
cost-benefit
analysis
examined.
The
goal
create
common
foundation
researchers,
practitioners,
regulators
providing
interdisciplinary
set
tools
frameworks
address
impending
challenges
emerging
