bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 17, 2024
Inhibitory
control
is
a
critical
executive
function
that
allows
animals
to
suppress
their
impulsive
behavior
in
order
achieve
certain
goals
or
avoid
punishment.
We
investigated
norepinephrine
(NE)
and
acetylcholine
(ACh)
dynamics
population
neuronal
activity
the
prefrontal
cortex
during
inhibitory
control.
Using
fluorescent
sensors
measure
extracellular
levels
of
NE
ACh,
we
simultaneously
recorded
ACh
mice
performing
an
task.
The
signals
exhibited
strong
coherence
at
0.4-0.8
Hz.
Chemogenetic
inhibition
locus
coeruleus
(LC)
neurons
project
basal
forebrain
region
reduced
performance
chance
levels.
However,
this
manipulation
did
not
diminish
difference
NE/ACh
between
successful
failed
trials;
instead,
it
abolished
NE-ACh
phase
synchrony
trials,
indicating
task-relevant
neuromodulatory
feature.
cholinergic
LC
impair
performance,
nor
abolish
further
confirming
relevance
To
understand
possible
effect
on
activity,
employed
Neuropixels
record
from
with
without
inhibiting
number
encoding
Demixed
principal
component
analysis
(dPCA)
revealed
firing
patterns
representing
were
impaired
by
inhibition.
Disparities
relevant
occurred
only
cortex,
but
parietal
somatosensory
thalamus.
Taken
together,
these
findings
suggest
modulates
through
its
collective
systems
cortex.
Our
results
feature
important
implications
for
cognitive
Psychophysiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 21, 2024
Abstract
According
to
the
arousal
model
of
vigilance,
locus
coeruleus‐norepinephrine
(LC‐NE)
system
modulates
sustained
attention
over
long
periods
by
regulating
physiological
arousal.
Recent
research
has
proposed
that
transcutaneous
auricular
vagus
nerve
stimulation
(taVNS)
indirect
markers
LC‐NE
activity,
although
its
effects
on
vigilance
have
not
yet
been
examined.
Aiming
develop
a
safe
and
noninvasive
procedure
prevent
failures
in
prolonged
tasks,
present
study
examined
whether
taVNS
can
mitigate
loss
while
modulating
activity.
Following
preregistered
protocol
(
https://osf.io/tu2xy/
),
50
participants
completed
three
repeated
sessions
randomized
order,
which
either
active
at
individualized
intensity
set
participant,
0.5
mA
for
all
participants,
or
sham
taVNS,
was
delivered
performing
an
attentional
task
(i.e.,
ANTI‐Vea).
Changes
salivary
alpha‐amylase
cortisol
concentrations
were
measured
as
Self‐reports
feelings
associated
with
guessing
rate
active/sham
conditions
supported
efficacy
single‐blind
procedure.
Contrary
our
predictions,
observed
decrement
modulated
taVNS.
Pairwise
comparisons
showed
mitigation
reduction
across
time.
Interestingly,
Spearman's
correlational
analyses
some
interindividual
LC‐NE,
evidenced
positive
associations
between
changes
but
We
highlight
relevance
replicating
extending
outcomes,
investigating
further
parameters
other
Brain,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
148(2), P. 376 - 393
Published: Sept. 10, 2024
Visual
hallucinations
are
a
common
non-motor
feature
of
Parkinson's
disease
and
have
been
associated
with
accelerated
cognitive
decline,
increased
mortality
early
institutionalization.
Despite
their
prevalence
negative
impact
on
patient
outcomes,
the
repertoire
treatments
aimed
at
addressing
this
troubling
symptom
is
limited.
Over
past
two
decades,
significant
contributions
made
in
uncovering
pathological
functional
mechanisms
visual
hallucinations,
bringing
us
closer
to
development
comprehensive
neurobiological
framework.
Convergent
evidence
now
suggests
that
degeneration
within
central
cholinergic
system
may
play
role
genesis
progression
hallucinations.
Here,
we
outline
how
dysfunction
serve
as
potential
unifying
substrate
underlying
multifactorial
dynamic
nature
Drawing
upon
previous
theoretical
models,
explore
alterations
neurotransmission
has
core
processes
pertinent
abnormal
perceptual
experiences.
We
conclude
by
highlighting
deeper
understanding
neurobiology
individual
pathophysiology
help
improve
established
emerging
treatment
strategies
for
management
psychotic
symptoms
disease.
Neuromodulators
affect
cognition
and
behavior
via
their
actions
on
brain
wide
neural
networks.
The
locus
coeruleus
norepinephrine
(LC-NE)
system
is
one
of
the
brain’s
major
neuromodulatory
systems.
Aging
neurological
diseases
lead
to
changes
in
structure
that
impact
normal
functioning
networks
Although
precise
nature
this
impact,
its
diagnosis
quantification
remain
a
challenge,
recent
studies
humans
animal
models
have
started
reveal
details
about
effects
intrinsic
neuromodulators
behavior.
These
findings
are
beginning
suggest
how
systems
neuroscience
approaches
might
help
develop
new
tests
supplement
range
established
clinical
assays
for
testing
cognitive
deficits
due
aging
Alzheimer’s
disease.
Here,
I
will
review
what
we
know
perform
computations
driving
perception
action
these
affected
by
activation
LC-NE
system.
examine
known
disease
related
resulting
action.
discuss
relationships
between
pupil
size,
recently
explored
with
precision
models.
how,
when
combined
perceptual
or
tests,
provide
basis
exploring
use
pupillometry
as
non-invasive
assay
age-
disease-related
decline
neuromodulatoryfunction.
