Trigeminal nerve direct current stimulation causes sustained increase in neural activity in the rat hippocampus

Brain stimulation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 648 - 659

Published: May 1, 2024

BackgroundTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation method that can modulate many brain functions including learning and memory. Recent evidence suggests tDCS memory effects may be caused by co-stimulation of scalp nerves such as the trigeminal nerve (TN), not electric field in brain. The TN gives input to brainstem nuclei, locus coeruleus controls noradrenaline release across regions, hippocampus. However, (TN-DCS) are currently well understood.HypothesisIn this study we tested hypothesis with manipulates hippocampal activity via an LC pathway.MethodsWe recorded neural rat hippocampus using multichannel silicon probes. We applied 3 minutes 0.25 mA or 1 TN-DCS, monitored for up hour calculated spikes-rate spike-field coherence metrics. Subcutaneous injections xylocaine were used block TN, while intraperitoneal intracerebral injection clonidine pathway.ResultsWe found TN-DCS significant increase spike-rate lasting 45 addition changes coherence, did not. blockage prevented increases, confirming When was delivered during no observed, suggesting important role LC-noradrenergic pathway.ConclusionThese results support our provide basis understand mechanism. emerges tool potentially

Language: Английский

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Peripheral nerve stimulation: A neuromodulation-based approach

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 149, P. 105180 - 105180

Published: April 12, 2023

Recent technological improvements have positioned us at the threshold of innovative discoveries that will assist in new perspectives and avenues research. Increased attention has been directed towards peripheral nerve stimulation, particularly vagus, trigeminal, or greater occipital nerve, due to their unique pathway engages neural circuits within networks involved higher cognitive processes. Here, we question whether effects transcutaneous electrical stimulation are mediated by synergistic interactions multiple neuromodulatory networks, considering this is shared more than one system. By spotlighting attractive pathway, opinion piece aims acknowledge contributions four vital neuromodulators prompt researchers consider them future investigations explanations.

Language: Английский

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Reinterpreting published tDCS results in terms of a cranial and cervical nerve co-stimulation mechanism

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: June 21, 2023

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation method that has been used to alter cognition in hundreds of experiments. During tDCS, low-amplitude delivered via scalp electrodes create weak electric field the brain. The causes membrane polarization cortical neurons directly under electrodes. It generally assumed this mechanism observed effects tDCS on cognition. However, it was recently shown some are not caused by brain but rather co-stimulation cranial and cervical nerves also have neuromodulatory can influence This peripheral nerve controlled for experiments use standard sham condition. In light new evidence, results from previous could be reinterpreted terms mechanism. Here, we selected six publications reported attributed electrode. We then posed question: given known stimulation, understood co-stimulation? present our re-interpretation these as way stimulate debate within food-for-thought researchers designing

Language: Английский

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Occipital Nerve Stimulation Selectively Modulates Top-down Inhibitory Control

Brain stimulation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 97 - 99

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Transcutaneous electrical stimulation enhances episodic memory encoding via a noradrenaline-attention network, with associated neuroinflammatory changes.

Brain stimulation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Attention plays a central role in learning and memory processes. Prior research has demonstrated how goal-directed attention influences successful performance on both working tasks. However, an important question remains about whether long-term outcomes can be reliably enhanced by targeting To test the hypothesis that 40 Hz Non-invasive Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of Greater Occipital Nerve (NITESGON) would enhance encoding upregulating theta activity dorsal network. We also hypothesized this association with upregulated noradrenaline downregulated cytokine activity. In two double-blinded experiments, were tested via Swahili-English word-association task completed 2 visits (separated 1 week). 60 individuals randomized to assess NITESGON's effect compared active-control (1 Hz) or sham conditions. Before after stimulation, rs-EEG assessed network, saliva measures collected incl. salivary alpha amylase (sAA; proxy for activity) cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β TNF-α). Participants receiving NITESGON learned remembered more words than control groups. There no significant differences consolidation between was associated increased activation but not performance. The group had significantly sAA post-stimulation, (supporting LC-NA mechanism). Modulation TNF-α frequency specific. modulation IL-6 specific outcomes. activate - facilitate during stages task, neuroinflammatory changes.

Language: Английский

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tDCS Cranial Nerve Co-Stimulation: Unveiling Brainstem Pathways Involved in Trigeminal Nerve Direct Current Stimulation in Rats

Brain stimulation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Peripheral transcutaneous electrical stimulation to improve cognition: A review of the main effects in healthy humans and in mildly cognitively impaired patient populations

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111290 - 111290

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Harnessing theta waves: tACS as a breakthrough in alleviating post-stroke chronic pain

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: April 30, 2025

Neural oscillations play a critical role in the regulation of brain functions, with theta waves (4-8 Hz) sensorimotor cortex significantly influencing pain perception and modulation. These can modulate signal transmission, emotional cognition, neuroplasticity. Post-stroke chronic is common complex symptom that imposes significant physiological psychological burdens on patients. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), non-invasive technique, synchronize specific frequency neural activities, reorganize networks, neuroplasticity by adjusting oscillations. In recent years, tACS has been widely applied research treatment various neurological psychiatric disorders. This study aims to systematically summarize progress θ tACS. By reviewing relevant experimental clinical studies, we explore mechanisms modulation analyze effects Additionally, examine central peripheral post-stroke pain, emphasizing processing. conclusion, shows potential for modulating alleviating pain. provides new insights into related offers directions developing novel therapies. Future studies technological optimizations are necessary ensure effectiveness feasibility practice.

Language: Английский

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Promising neurostimulation routes for targeting the hippocampus to improve episodic memory: A review

Brain Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1815, P. 148457 - 148457

Published: June 12, 2023

This review aims to highlight modern neurostimulation approaches that are effectively activating the hippocampus and enhancing episodic memory performance. The is a brain region known play an essential role in processes. However, as it nestled deep within brain, has been challenging target for traditional approaches, with studies reporting inconsistent effects. Recent suggest more than half of electrical current from non-invasive transcranial stimulation (tES) methods may be attenuated by human scalp, skull, cerebral spinal fluid. Thus, this novel showing promise alternative routes hippocampal circuitry. Early evidence suggests temporal interference, closed-loop individualized protocols, sensory peripheral nerve-targeted tES protocols warrant further investigation. These each provide promising a) increasing its functional connectiveness key regions, b) strengthening synaptic plasticity mechanisms, or c) neural entrainment specifically between theta gamma frequencies these regions. Importantly, three mechanisms hippocampus' structural integrity negatively impacted throughout progression Alzheimer's Disease, deficits likewise evident early stages. Consequently, depending on validation reviewed here, techniques could offer significant applied therapeutic value patients suffering neurodegenerative diseases including amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment disease.

Language: Английский

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Transcranial Electrical Stimulation for Associative Memory Enhancement: State-of-the-Art from Basic to Clinical Research

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1125 - 1125

Published: May 2, 2023

Associative memory (AM) is the ability to bind new information into complex representations. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), especially transcranial electric (tES), has gained increased interest in research of associative and its impairments. To provide an overview current state knowledge, we conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines covering basic clinical research. Out 374 identified records, 41 studies were analyzed—twenty-nine healthy young adults, six aging population, three comparing older younger as well two on people with MCI, one Alzheimer’s dementia. Studies using direct (tDCS), alternating (tACS) oscillatory (otDCS) high-definition protocols (HD-tDCS, HD-tACS) have been included. The results showed methodological heterogeneity terms study design, type, parameters, outcome measures. Overall, show that tES promising method for AM enhancement, if applied over parietal cortex effects are assessed cued recall paradigms.

Language: Английский

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