tVNS in Stroke: A Narrative Review on the Current State and the Future

Stroke, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 54(10), P. 2676 - 2687

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and there paucity therapeutic strategies that promote functional recovery after stroke. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has shown promising evidence as tool to reduce infarct size in animal models hyperacute In chronic stroke, tVNS paired with limb movements been enhance neurological recovery. this review, we summarize the current for preclinical clinical trials humans. We highlight mechanistic pathways involved beneficial effects tVNS. critically evaluate gaps knowledge recommend key areas research required translate into practice acute

Language: Английский

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Current status and prospect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for disorders of consciousness

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Disordered Consciousness (DOC) is among neurological disorders for which there currently no admitted treatment. The pathogenesis of DOC still unclear, covering a variety indistinguishable types diseases, high misdiagnosis rate and poor prognosis. Most treatments remain to be clarified in the future provide adequate evidence clinical guidance. Neuromodulation technology aims regulate neural circuits promote awakening more directly. At present, it confirmed that potential transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) as therapeutic tool worth exploring context consciousness disorders, previously proposed invasive forms VNS, means stimulating change brain areas related cosciousness have also received widespread attention. In this paper, we review literature on taVNS better understand current status development prospect treament non-invasive neuromodulation method with sensitivity and/or specificity at single subject.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the P300: Do Stimulation Duration and Stimulation Type Matter?

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 690 - 690

Published: July 10, 2024

Non-invasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has attracted increasing interest as a neurostimulation tool with potential applications in modulating cognitive processes such attention and memory, possibly through the modulation of locus–coeruleus noradrenaline system. Studies examining P300 brain-related component correlate noradrenergic activity, however, have yielded inconsistent findings, due to differences parameters, thus necessitating further investigation. In this event-related study involving 61 participants, therefore, we examined how changes taVNS specifically type (interval vs. continuous stimulation) duration, influence amplitudes during visual novelty oddball task. Although no effects were found over whole cluster time window P300, cluster-based permutation tests revealed distinct impact on response for small electrode cluster, characterized by larger observed easy targets (i.e., stimuli that are easily discernible from standards) following compared sham stimulation. Notably, our findings suggested significantly modulated showing (taVNS sham) hard standards interval We interaction duration target-related P300. While align previous research, investigation is warranted fully elucidate its utility reliable marker neuromodulation field.

Language: Английский

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Effects of cervical transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (ctVNS) on military cognitive performance during sleep deprivation

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Maintaining cognitive performance during sleep deprivation is of vital importance in many professions, especially high-risk professions like the military. It has long been known that diminishes performance. To mitigate negative effects on crucial military tasks, new interventions are necessary. Non-invasive cervical transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (ctVNS) gained traction as a method to boost alertness and functioning. We investigated 2 × minute ctVNS protocol three tasks applied conditions sleep-deprivation: psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), multitasking (SynWin), an inhibitory control (stop-signal task; SST). In addition, participants also performed close-quarter-battle (CQB) test virtual reality (VR) examine if potential translate operational contexts. A total 35 operators from Special Operations Forces (SOF) SOF support units participated. They were randomly assigned active group or sham group. Before at 19:00 h, baseline tests. Participants stayed awake through night every 3 h. The last round was followed by VR test. Though successfully induced, evident decline all (effect session: p < 0.001 SynWin; PVT; SST; Linear Mixed Model), no significant found performance, well task. However, influence intensity SynWin showed trend, indicating higher intensities could have impact may not be sufficient elicit beneficial cognitive-and Moreover, correct critical induce follow inverted-u dose-response curve. Stimulation current study compared similar reported ctVNS, which explain this null finding. Further research recommended optimize protocols investigate robustness effects.

Language: Английский

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Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Enhances Emotional Processing and Long‐Term Recognition Memory: Electrophysiological Evidence Across Two Studies

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 62(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Recently, we found that continuous transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) facilitates the encoding and later recollection of emotionally relevant information, as indicated by differences in late positive potential (LPP), memory performance, ERP Old/New effect. Here, aimed to conceptually replicate extend these findings investigating effects different time‐dependent taVNS protocols. In Study 1, an identical paradigm our previous study was employed with interval (30‐s on/off). Participants viewed unpleasant neutral scenes on two consecutive days while receiving or sham completed a recognition test 1 week later. Replicating results, images encoded under taVNS, compared stimulation, elicited larger amplitudes earlier window LPP during encoding, well more pronounced differences. However, no performance were found. 2, followed up synchronizing cycle image presentation determine for off cycles. We could enhancing brain potentials (early differences) improved recollection‐based both images, independently cycle. Overall, results suggest increases electrophysiological correlates emotional retrieval time‐independent manner, substantiating nerve's role processing formation, opening new venues improving mnemonic processes clinical non‐clinical populations.

Language: Английский

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Ready for translation: non-invasive auricular vagus nerve stimulation inhibits psychophysiological indices of stimulus-specific fear and facilitates responding to repeated exposure in phobic individuals

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 9, 2025

Abstract Recent laboratory research showed that vagus nerve stimulation promotes fear extinction, the inhibitory core mechanism of exposure treatment, presumably via activation noradrenergic brain system. However, a translation this technique to clinical practice is lacking. We therefore investigated potential vagal inhibit excessive responses and facilitate responding in-vivo in individuals with specific phobia. Spider-phobic participants were subjected three standardized exposures towards living tarantula, complemented by an vitro (between vivo I II). Transcutaneous auricular (taVNS) was applied during in-vitro exposure, presenting pictures exposed other spiders neutral tools laboratory. Fear assessed self-reports behavioral avoidance (in-vivo exposures), amygdala-mediated autonomic components (exposure vitro). Vagal facilitated reduction across repeated exposures. During taVNS inhibited tachycardia corrugator muscle activity specifically response previously tarantula – effect became stronger increasing duration. Psychophysiological indices transmission basolateral amygdala elevated correlated subsequent attenuation avoidance. Our results suggest, exerts stimulus-specific dose-dependent inhibition multiple automatic fear, highlighting as valuable adjunct exposure-based treatment. A translational action supported, proposing exhibits its effects extinction circuitry, particularly targeting amygdala.

Language: Английский

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Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS) applications in cognitive aging: a review and commentary

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 11, 2023

Differentiating healthy from pathological aging trajectories is extremely timely, as the global population faces an inversion where older adults will soon outnumber younger 5:1. Many cognitive functions (e.g., memory, executive functions, and processing speed) decline with age, a process that can begin early midlife, which predicts subsequent diagnosis dementia. Although dementia devastating costly diagnosis, there remains limited evidence for medications, therapies, devices improve cognition or attenuate transition into There urgent need to intervene in neurodegenerative processes leading depression mild impairment). In this targeted review commentary, we highlight transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS) neurostimulation method unique opportunities applications diseases of aging, reviewing recent literature, feasibility use remote data collection methods/telehealth, well limitations conflicts literature. particular, small sample sizes, uneven age distributions participants, lack standardized protocols, oversampling non-representative groups no comorbid diagnoses) limit our understanding potential method. We offer recommendations how representativeness, statistical power, generalizability tVNS research by integrating techniques.

Language: Английский

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Are the P600 and P3 ERP components linked to the task‐evoked pupillary response as a correlate of norepinephrine activity?

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(7)

Published: March 12, 2024

Abstract During language comprehension, anomalies and ambiguities in the input typically elicit P600 event‐related potential component. Although traditionally interpreted as a specific signal of combinatorial operations sentence processing, component has alternatively been proposed to be variant oddball‐sensitive, domain‐general P3 In particular, both components might reflect phasic norepinephrine release from locus coeruleus (LC/NE) motivationally significant stimuli. this preregistered study, we tested hypothesis by relating task‐evoked pupillary response, putative biomarker LC/NE activity. 36 participants completed comprehension task (containing 25% morphosyntactic violations) non‐linguistic oddball 20% oddballs), while EEG pupil size were co‐registered. Our results showed that response ERP amplitudes similarly affected experimental tasks. task, there was also temporally relationship between beyond shared effect, thereby further linking NE. Because link less reliable linguistic context, did not find conclusive evidence for or against response. Still, our findings stimulate debate on whether language‐related ERPs are indeed processes across cognitive domains. However, research is required verify two positivities system common neural generator.

Language: Английский

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Atrophy links lower novelty‐related locus coeruleus connectivity to cognitive decline in preclinical AD

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 3958 - 3971

Published: April 27, 2024

Animal research has shown that tau pathology in the locus coeruleus (LC) is associated with reduced norepinephrine signaling, lower projection density to medial temporal lobe (MTL), atrophy, and cognitive impairment. We investigated contribution of LC-MTL functional connectivity (FC

Language: Английский

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Does transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation alter pupil dilation? A living Bayesian meta-analysis

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

Abstract Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has emerged as a promising technique to modulate autonomic functions, and pupil dilation been recognized biomarker for tVNS-induced monoaminergic release. Nevertheless, studies on the effectiveness of various tVNS protocols have produced heterogeneous results dilatation date. Here, we synthesize existing evidence compare conventional continuous pulsed using Bayesian meta-analysis. To maintain living version, developed Shiny App with possibility incorporate newly published in future. Based systematic review, included 18 (N = 771) applying either or protocols. Across studies, found anecdotal alternative hypothesis that increases size ( g 0.14, 95% CI [0.001, 0.29], BF01 2.5). Separating according vs. revealed were driven by taVNS (strong hypothesis: 0.34, [0.15, 0.53], BF10 14.15) while provided strong null 0.01, [-0.15, 0.16], BF01= 20.7). In conclusion, our meta-analysis highlights differential effects dilation. These findings underscore relevance optimizing its use specific applications may require modulation tonic phasic responses.

Language: Английский

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