Novel Insights into Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms in Traumatic Brain Injury: Focus on Pattern Recognition Receptors as Therapeutic Targets

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Molecular mechanism of PANoptosis and programmed cell death in neurological diseases

Neurobiology of Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106907 - 106907

Published: April 1, 2025

PANoptosis represents a highly coordinated inflammatory programmed cell death governed by the assembly and activation of PANoptosome, which strategically integrate core molecular elements from pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis. The triple-component pathways set themselves apart alternative regulated mechanisms through their unique capacity to concurrently process signals derived multiple death-signaling modalities, thereby coordinating multifaceted cellular defense system against diverse pathological insults. Pathogen-associated patterns synergistically interact with cytokine storms, oncogenic stress active PANoptosis, establishing this pathway as critical nexus in pathogenesis tumor immunomodulation. This crosstalk highlights promising therapeutic target for managing immune-related disorders malignant transformation. Emerging evidence links neuroinflammatory dysregulated between (apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis) accidental necrosis, driving neuronal loss neural damage. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals spatially resolved signatures Alzheimer's hippocampal microenvironments sclerosis demyelinating plaques, distinct clusters correlating quantifiable metrics. PANoptosis-targeted therapies show preclinical promise alleviating neurovascular dysfunction while preserving physiological microglial surveillance functions. Accumulating linking (particularly PANoptosis) neurological underscores urgency deciphering its developing precision modulators next-generation therapies. review systematically deciphers PANoptosome associated cascades, evaluates roles multiscale regulatory networks, proposes frameworks advance neurology.

Language: Английский

The roles of AIM2 in neurodegenerative diseases: insights and therapeutic implications

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 15, 2024

AIM2, a cytosolic innate immune receptor, has the capability to recognize double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). This paper delineates structural features of AIM2 and its mechanisms activation, emphasizing capacity detect initiate inflammasome assembly. Additionally, we explore diverse functions in different cells. Insights into AIM2-mediated neuroinflammation provide foundation for investigating novel therapeutic strategies targeting signaling pathways. Furthermore, present comprehensive review roles neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Parkinson’s (PD). Finally, discuss implications. In conclusion, profound understanding diseases may facilitate development effective interventions mitigate neuronal damage slow progression.

Language: Английский