Exosome-Mediated Antigen Delivery: Unveiling Novel Strategies in Viral Infection Control and Vaccine Design

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 280 - 280

Published: March 7, 2024

Exosomes are small subtypes of extracellular vesicles (EVs) naturally released by different types cells into their environment. Their physiological roles appear to be multiple, yet many aspects biological activities remain understood. These can transport and deliver a variety cargoes may serve as unconventional secretory vesicles. Thus, they play crucial role important vectors for intercellular communication the maintenance homeostasis. Exosome production content vary under several stresses or modifications in cell microenvironment, influencing cellular responses stimulating immunity. During infectious processes, exosomes described double-edged swords, displaying both beneficial detrimental effects. Owing tractability, analysis EVs from multiple biofluids has become booming tool monitoring various pathologies, cancerous origins. In this review, we present an overview exosome features discuss particular ambiguous functions contexts. We then focus on properties diagnostic therapeutic tools. regard, explore capacity vectorize immunogenic viral antigens function mounting adaptive immune responses. As provide interesting platforms antigen presentation, further review available data engineering, which enables peptides interest exposed at surface. light all these data, emerging promising avenues vaccine strategies.

Language: Английский

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Exosome-mediated Antigen Delivery: Unveiling Novel Strategies in Viral Infection Control

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Exosomes are small subtypes of extracellular vesicles (EVs) naturally released by different types cells into their environment. Their physiological roles appear to be multiple, and many aspects biological activities remain understood. These can transport deliver a variety cargoes, including proteins, metabolites, nucleic acids, lipids. Consequently, it is argued that exosomes may serve as unconventional secretory vesicles, playing crucial role important vectors for intercellular communication the maintenance homeostasis. Exosome production content vary under several stresses or modifications in cell microenvironment, influencing cellular responses both qualitatively quantitatively. Thus, analysis EVs from multiple biofluids, due its ease implementation, has become booming tool monitoring various pathologies, particularly cancer, we shall outline further on. During infectious processes, described double-edged swords, displaying beneficial detrimental effects. Indeed, during viral infection, circulating often enhanced signal danger, stimulate immunity, possibly pathological biomarkers. Conversely, viruses disrupt hijack exosome production. In this review, discuss particular ambiguous functions contexts. Furthermore, explore vectoring capacity light extensive literature examining function mounting adaptive immune responses. provide an interesting platform antigen presentation could therefore novel therapeutic targets used vaccine strategies.

Language: Английский

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Asgard archaea reveal the conserved principles of ESCRT-III membrane remodeling

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(6)

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

ESCRT-III proteins assemble into composite polymers that undergo stepwise changes in composition and structure to deform membranes across the tree of life. Here, using a phylogenetic analysis, we demonstrate two endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT-III) present eukaryote's closest Asgard archaeal relatives are evolutionarily related B- A-type eukaryotic paralogs initiate execute membrane remodeling, respectively. We show ESCRT-IIIB assembles parallel arrays on planar deformation, from where it recruits ESCRT-IIIA generate polymers. Last, is able remodel tubes as likely prelude scission. Together, these data reveal set conserved principles governing ESCRT-III-dependent remodeling first emerged two-component system archaea.

Language: Английский

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ESCRTs – a multi-purpose membrane remodeling device encoded in all life forms

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Research progress of exosomes in the angiogenesis of digestive system tumour

Discover Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 11, 2024

Abstract Malignant tumours of the digestive system cover a wide range diseases that affect health people to large extent. Angiogenesis is indispensable in development, and metastasis tumours, mainly two ways: occupation or formation. Vessels can provide nutrients, oxygen, growth factors for encourage metastasis, so cancer progression depends on simultaneous angiogenesis. Recently, exosomes have been proven participate angiogenesis tumours. They influence by binding tyrosine kinase receptors (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 with different affinities, regulating Yap-VEGF pathway, Akt pathway other signaling pathway. Additionally, are potential therapeutic vectors deliver many types cargoes cells. In this review, we summarize roles highlight clinical application prospects, directly used as targers delivery vehicles, antiangiogenic therapy.

Language: Английский

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Structural basis for Vipp1 membrane binding: from loose coats and carpets to ring and rod assemblies

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 8, 2024

Abstract Vesicle-inducing protein in plastids 1 (Vipp1) is critical for thylakoid membrane biogenesis and maintenance. Although Vipp1 has recently been identified as a member of the endosomal sorting complexes required transport III superfamily, it still unknown how remodels membranes. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy structures Synechocystis interacting with membranes: seven helical stacked-ring assemblies at 5–7-Å resolution engulfing membranes three carpet covering lipid vesicles ~20-Å using subtomogram averaging. By analyzing ten N-terminally truncated Vipp1, show that helix α0 essential tubulation forms membrane-anchoring domain Vipp1. Lastly, conformation-restrained mutant, reduced structural plasticity determined two 3.0-Å resolution, resolving molecular details intersubunit contacts α0. Our data reveal curvature-dependent transitions from carpets to rings rods, some which are capable inducing and/or stabilizing high local curvature triggering fusion.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionarily conserved principles of ESCRT-III-mediated membrane remodelling revealed by a two-subunit Asgard archaeal system

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 2, 2024

Summary ESCRT-III proteins assemble into composite polymers that undergo stepwise changes in composition and structure to deform membranes across the tree of life. Here, using a phylogenetic analysis we demonstrate two present our closest archaeal relatives are evolutionarily related B-type A-type eukaryotic paralogues, which initiate execute membrane remodelling, respectively. This deep homology is reflected function as demonstrated by fact ESCRT-IIIB assembles parallel arrays on planar deformation, required recruit ESCRT-IIIA generate polymers. homopolymers can then remodel tubes, likely prelude scission. Taken together, this reveals set conserved principles governing ESCRT-III-dependent remodelling first emerged with evolution two-component system Asgard archaea, continue underlie complex multi-component, eukaryotes.

Language: Английский

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The Archaeal Cell Cycle

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(1), P. 1 - 23

Published: May 15, 2024

Since first identified as a separate domain of life in the 1970s, it has become clear that archaea differ profoundly from both eukaryotes and bacteria. In this review, we look across archaeal discuss diverse mechanisms by which control cell cycle progression, DNA replication, division. While molecular cellular processes use to govern these critical biological often markedly those described bacteria eukaryotes, there are also striking similarities highlight unique common principles different domains life. much eukaryotic machinery its origins archaea, exploration division promises illuminate evolution cycle.

Language: Английский

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Structural basis for Vipp1 membrane binding: From loose coats and carpets to ring and rod assemblies

Published: July 8, 2024

Abstract Vipp1 (also known as IM30) is essential in most oxygenic photoautotrophic organisms. It involved membrane remodeling and fusion critical for thylakoid biogenesis maintenance. has recently been identified a member of the ESCRT-III superfamily proteins, albeit it still elusive how interacts with finally remodels membranes. Here we present series cryo-EM structures cyanobacterial interacting bacterial membranes: first, solved seven between 5 7 Å resolution three unique helical four types stacked-ring assemblies engulfing membranes, and, second, using sub-tomogram averaging, determined ∼20 compatible previously observed carpet at different curvatures. By analyzing ten additional N-terminally truncated Vipp1, could show that helix α0 tubulation forms anchoring domain Vipp1. Using conformation-restrained mutant, were able to reduce structural plasticity presence lipids two 3.0 resolution, resolving molecular details intersubunit contacts α0. Our data reveal showing curvature-dependent transitions from carpets rings rods, some which are capable inducing and/or stabilizing high local curvature triggering fusion. Summary Bacterial family membrane-bound coats, carpets, ring complexes, tubes internalizing curvature.

Language: Английский

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Monomer unfolding of a bacterial ESCRT‐III superfamily member is coupled to oligomer disassembly

Protein Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(11)

Published: Oct. 29, 2024

Abstract The inner membrane associated protein of 30 kDa (IM30), a member the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT‐III) superfamily, is crucially involved in biogenesis and maintenance thylakoid membranes cyanobacteria chloroplasts. In solution, IM30 assembles into various large oligomeric barrel‐ or tube‐like structures, whereas upon binding it forms large, flat carpet structures. Dynamic localization to changes states are crucial its vivo function. ESCRT‐III proteins known form structures that dynamically assembled from monomeric/smaller proteins, thus these smaller building blocks must be sequentially highly orchestrated manner, still poorly understood process. impact oligomerization on function remains difficult study due high intrinsic tendency homo‐oligomerize. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulations investigate stability individual helices identified unstable regions may provide structural flexibility. Urea‐mediated disassembly barrel was spectroscopically monitored, as well protein's tertiary secondary structure. experimental data were finally compared three‐state model describes oligomer monomer unfolding. this study, stable conserved core discuss advantages having flexible intermediate their putative relevance proteins.

Language: Английский

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