Results in Engineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23, P. 102767 - 102767
Published: Aug. 26, 2024
This
study
investigated
the
torrefaction
of
durian
peel
using
air
and
nitrogen
as
carrier
gases.
A
multilevel
factorial
design
coupled
with
response
surface
methodology
(RSM)
ANOVA
analysis
was
employed
to
analyze
impact
parameters
on
chemical
properties
energy
yield.
Durian
peel,
an
agricultural
waste
product,
torrefied
at
temperatures
ranging
from
200
320
°C
for
residence
times
between
0
30
min.
Results
showed
that
significantly
enhanced
thermal
decomposition,
reducing
mass
yield
94.65
%
30.63
temperature
increased
300
a
30-min
holding
time.
Air
also
higher
heating
value
(HHV)
19.02
MJ/kg
35.26
°C,
compared
nitrogen,
which
achieved
maximum
HHV
32.49
MJ/kg.
revealed
gas
affect
properties.
positively
affected
while
nitrogen.
Low-temperature
improvement.
These
findings
provided
insights
optimizing
processes
enhancing
utilization
wasted
sustainable
bioenergy
resource.
Green Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
26(18), P. 9652 - 9670
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
This
paper
reports
on
the
dry
and
wet
torrefaction
pretreatment
for
upgrading
low-rank
biomass
sources
to
enhance
gasification
process
with
benefits
of
H
2
-rich
syngas
production
tar
reduction.
Understanding
and
controlling
the
reaction
pathways
is
pivotal
in
achieving
heightened
selectivity
for
aromatics
from
catalytic
pyrolysis
of
biofurans.
Herein,
liquid
nitrogen
quenching-dissolution-extraction
situ
diffuse
reflectance
infrared
Fourier
transform
spectroscopy
(DRIFTS)
techniques
were
employed
to
elucidate
mechanistic
converting
2-methylfuran
(MF)
into
aromatics.
Bifunctional
HZSM-5
catalysts
developed
regulate
aromatic
selectivity.
Key
intermediates
identified
conversion
MF
over
include
olefins,
dimethylbenzofuran
(DBF),
2-cyclopenten-1-ones
(CPOs).
Three
possible
aromatization
discovered:
(1)
cracks
olefins
that
polymerize
aromatics;
(2)
oligomerizes
DBF,
then
decarbonizes
form
alkylbenzenes,
dominant
at
low
temperatures;
(3)
forms
CPOs,
which
deoxygenate
benzene
alkylbenzenes─the
most
significant
pathway.
Introducing
metal
oxides
(Fe,
Mo,
Zn)
zeolites
alters
Brønsted
Lewis
acid
ratios,
positively
correlating
with
CPO
content,
resulting
increased
decreased
coke
formation.
These
findings
can
provide
new
insights
biofuran
critical
issues
biomass,
such
as
rational
design
improved
zeolite
catalysts.
