Science,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
350(6265), P. 1208 - 1213
Published: Dec. 3, 2015
Nicotinamide
adenine
dinucleotide
(NAD(+))
is
a
coenzyme
found
in
all
living
cells.
It
serves
both
as
critical
for
enzymes
that
fuel
reduction-oxidation
reactions,
carrying
electrons
from
one
reaction
to
another,
and
cosubstrate
other
such
the
sirtuins
poly(adenosine
diphosphate-ribose)
polymerases.
Cellular
NAD(+)
concentrations
change
during
aging,
modulation
of
usage
or
production
can
prolong
health
span
life
span.
Here
we
review
factors
regulate
discuss
how
supplementation
with
precursors
may
represent
new
therapeutic
opportunity
aging
its
associated
disorders,
particularly
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Cell Death and Differentiation,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
25(3), P. 486 - 541
Published: Jan. 23, 2018
Over
the
past
decade,
Nomenclature
Committee
on
Cell
Death
(NCCD)
has
formulated
guidelines
for
definition
and
interpretation
of
cell
death
from
morphological,
biochemical,
functional
perspectives.
Since
field
continues
to
expand
novel
mechanisms
that
orchestrate
multiple
pathways
are
unveiled,
we
propose
an
updated
classification
subroutines
focusing
mechanistic
essential
(as
opposed
correlative
dispensable)
aspects
process.
As
provide
molecularly
oriented
definitions
terms
including
intrinsic
apoptosis,
extrinsic
mitochondrial
permeability
transition
(MPT)-driven
necrosis,
necroptosis,
ferroptosis,
pyroptosis,
parthanatos,
entotic
death,
NETotic
lysosome-dependent
autophagy-dependent
immunogenic
cellular
senescence,
mitotic
catastrophe,
discuss
utility
neologisms
refer
highly
specialized
instances
these
processes.
The
mission
NCCD
is
a
widely
accepted
nomenclature
in
support
continued
development
field.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
99(4), P. 1877 - 2013
Published: Aug. 28, 2019
The
importance
of
the
gut-brain
axis
in
maintaining
homeostasis
has
long
been
appreciated.
However,
past
15
yr
have
seen
emergence
microbiota
(the
trillions
microorganisms
within
and
on
our
bodies)
as
one
key
regulators
function
led
to
appreciation
a
distinct
microbiota-gut-brain
axis.
This
is
gaining
ever
more
traction
fields
investigating
biological
physiological
basis
psychiatric,
neurodevelopmental,
age-related,
neurodegenerative
disorders.
brain
communicate
with
each
other
via
various
routes
including
immune
system,
tryptophan
metabolism,
vagus
nerve
enteric
nervous
involving
microbial
metabolites
such
short-chain
fatty
acids,
branched
chain
amino
peptidoglycans.
Many
factors
can
influence
composition
early
life,
infection,
mode
birth
delivery,
use
antibiotic
medications,
nature
nutritional
provision,
environmental
stressors,
host
genetics.
At
extreme
diversity
diminishes
aging.
Stress,
particular,
significantly
impact
at
all
stages
life.
Much
recent
work
implicated
gut
many
conditions
autism,
anxiety,
obesity,
schizophrenia,
Parkinson’s
disease,
Alzheimer’s
disease.
Animal
models
paramount
linking
regulation
fundamental
neural
processes,
neurogenesis
myelination,
microbiome
activation
microglia.
Moreover,
translational
human
studies
are
ongoing
will
greatly
enhance
field.
Future
focus
understanding
mechanisms
underlying
attempt
elucidate
microbial-based
intervention
therapeutic
strategies
for
neuropsychiatric
Science Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
6(265)
Published: Dec. 3, 2014
The
combination
of
an
advanced
scientific
understanding
tissue
repair
and
regeneration
the
identification
knowledge
gaps
limitations
past
clinical
trials
will
provide
a
strong
basis
to
advance
viable
approaches
for
treating
patients
with
wound-healing
pathologies.
