A spatial map of antennal-expressed ionotropic receptors in the malaria mosquito

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(2), P. 112101 - 112101

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

The mosquito's antenna represents its main olfactory appendage for detecting volatile chemical cues from the environment. Whole-mount fluorescence in situ hybridization of ionotropic receptors (IRs) expressed antennae reveals that might be divisible into proximal and distal functional domains. number IR-positive cells appear stereotyped within each antennal segment (flagellomere). Highly odor-tuning IRs exhibit distinct co-localization patterns with IR coreceptors Ir8a, Ir25a, Ir76b predict their properties. Genetic knockin vivo imaging IR41c-expressing neurons indicate both odor-induced activation inhibition response to select amine compounds. Targeted mutagenesis IR41c does not abolish behavioral responses Our study provides a comprehensive map IR-expressing mosquitoes. These findings show organizing principles Anopheles neurons, which underlie contribution detection behaviorally relevant odors.

Language: Английский

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Experience-dependent plasticity in the olfactory system of Drosophila melanogaster and other insects

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

It is long known that the nervous system of vertebrates can be shaped by internal and external factors. On other hand, insects was assumed to stereotypic, although evidence for plasticity effects accumulated several decades. To cover topic comprehensively, this review recapitulates establishment term “plasticity” in neuroscience introduces its original meaning. We describe basic composition insect olfactory using Drosophila melanogaster as a representative example outline experience-dependent observed part brain variety insects, including hymenopterans, lepidopterans, locusts, flies. In particular, we highlight recent advances study D. , it most accessible all species due genetic tools available. The partly contradictory results demonstrate morphological, physiological behavioral changes response long-term stimulation are more complex than previously thought. Different molecular mechanisms leading these were unveiled past likely responsible complexity. discuss common problems plasticity, ways overcome them, future directions area research. addition, critically examine transferability laboratory data natural systems address holistically possible. As mechanism allows organisms adapt new environmental conditions, contributes an animal’s resilience therefore crucial research, especially era rapid changes.

Language: Английский

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Olfactory receptors in Bactrocera species for sustainable fruit fly management: A review and future perspectives

Physiological Entomology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(2), P. 67 - 90

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Abstract Molecular studies on odorant receptors (ORs), odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) and the functioning of receptor pheromone signal transduction in fruit fly Bactrocera species have expanded exponentially during past few decades. OBPs contribute to sensing olfactory system (OS) via odorants through sensillum lymph. However, ORs, a family G‐protein‐coupled various other species, exhibit heightened responsiveness multiple chemical odours such as hormones, sensory stimuli neurotransmitters. The apparent mechanism involves combinatorial code encompassing both peripheral antennal lobe processing, facilitating reception sexual pheromones environmental cues. OS is specifically designed recognize process information from volatile signals, these signals play an important function flies. Insects rely chemicals navigate comprehend their surroundings. A mature insect composed two pairs sensillae‐covered palps, antennae primary appendages anterior head. It has been shown that chemosensory gene families odour perception. These include neuroreceptor families, OBPs, neuron membrane proteins. Additionally, there are three divergent chemoreceptors, namely ionotropic gustatory receptors. Methods based systematic biology, molecular biology bioinformatics tools rapidly emerged investigate communication systems provide new insights for management many agricultural pest. Several aromatic compounds, including semiochemicals pheromones, employed defend crops animals destructive flies invasive frugivorous species. To promote expansion cropping system, utilization phytochemical lures can be convenient sustainable agriculture production enhance food security. Hence, this review examined state art insects with focus pest identify semiochemical receptors, protein (CSRs), well practical applications biological control integrated highlighted.

Language: Английский

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From macro to micro: De novo genomes of Aedes mosquitoes enable comparative genomics among close and distant relatives

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Abstract The yellow fever mosquito ( Aedes aegypti ) is an organism of high medical importance because it the primary vector for diseases such as fever, Zika, dengue, and chikungunya. Its has made a subject numerous efforts to understand their biology. One effort, was development high-quality reference genome (AaegL5). However, this sourced from highly inbred laboratory strain with unknown geographic origin. Thus, not representative wild mosquito, let alone one its native range in sub-Saharan Africa. To better genetic architecture Ae. sister species, we developed two de novo chromosome-scale genomes sequences single individuals: formosus (Aaf) Burkina Faso mascarensis (Am) Mauritius. Both exhibit contiguity gene completeness, comparable AaegL5. While Aaf exhibits degree synteny AaegL5, also several large inversions. We further conducted comparative genomic analyses using our other publicly available culicid find extensive chromosomal rearrangements between major lineages. Overrepresentation analysis expanded genes Aaf, Am revealed that while overarching category have are similar, specific differ. Our findings elucidate novel insights into chromosome evolution at both microevolutionary macroevolutionary scales. resources present additions arsenal biologists understanding biology evolution. Significance arboviral disease found throughout tropics sub-tropics. subspecies differ ecologically, African form feeds on mammals generally inhabit sylvatic domestic areas global invasive preferentially humans lives primarily areas. Their prompted genome, but Here, leveraged PacBio HiFi sequencing HiC develop first sampled Faso. , species. comparably contiguous complete genome. Comparative reveal rearrangements.

Language: Английский

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Optimized genetic tools for neuroanatomical and functional mapping of the Aedes aegypti olfactory system

G3 Genes Genomes Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Abstract The mosquito Aedes aegypti is an emerging model insect for invertebrate neurobiology. We detail the application of a dual transgenesis marker system that reports nature transgene integration with circular donor template CRISPR–Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair at target chemoreceptor genes. Employing this approach, we demonstrate establishment cell-type-specific T2A-QF2 driver lines A. olfactory co-receptor genes Ir8a and orco via canonical CO2 receptor complex gene Gr1 noncanonical involving duplication intended cassette separated by intervening plasmid sequence. Using Gr1+ sensory neurons as example, show introgression such QUAS responder transgenes into yellow cuticular pigmentation mutant strain facilitates transcuticular calcium imaging CO2-evoked neural activity on maxillary palps enhanced sensitivity relative to wild-type mosquitoes enveloped dark melanized cuticle. further apply Cre-loxP excision derive marker-free in-frame fusions clearly map axonal projection patterns from expressing these 3 chemoreceptors antennal lobe devoid background interference 3xP3-based fluorescent markers. clear recording responses in central brain region using genetically encoded indicators GCaMP6s CaMPARI2. Systematic optimized methods different stands enable mapping circuits peripheral levels coding high resolution.

Language: Английский

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