Similarities in the induction of the intracellular pathogen response in Caenorhabditis elegans and the type I interferon response in mammals

BioEssays, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(11)

Published: Sept. 4, 2023

Although the type-I interferon (IFN-I) response is considered vertebrate-specific, recent findings about Intracellular Pathogen Response (IPR) in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans indicate that there are similarities between these two transcriptional immunological programs. The IPR induced during infection with natural intracellular fungal and viral pathogens of intestine promotes resistance against pathogens. Similarly, IFN-I by viruses other infection. Whether evolved a divergent or convergent manner an unanswered exciting question, which could be addressed further studies immunity C. simple host organisms. Here we highlight similar roles played RIG-I-like receptors, purine metabolism enzymes, proteotoxic stressors, transcription factors to induce response, as well consequences defense programs on organismal development.

Language: Английский

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Conserved domains can be found across distinct phage defence systems

Molecular Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(1), P. 45 - 53

Published: Feb. 25, 2023

Bacteria are continuously exposed to predation from bacteriophages (phages) and, in response, have evolved a broad range of defence systems. These systems can prevent the replication phages and other mobile genetic elements (MGE). Defence often encoded together genomic loci defined as "defence islands", tendency that has been extensively exploited identify novel antiphage In last few years, >100 new discovered, some display homology components immune plants animals. many instances, prediction tools found domains with similar predicted functions present different combinations within distinct this Perspective Article, we review recent reports describing discovery domain composition several We discuss examples protein adopted by systems, including unknown function (DUFs), involved nucleic acid recognition degradation, NAD+ depletion. further potential evolutionary advantages could driven independent acquisition these

Language: Английский

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Taking the lead: NLR immune receptor N‐terminal domains execute plant immune responses

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 240(2), P. 496 - 501

Published: July 31, 2023

Summary Nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) proteins are important intracellular immune receptors that activate robust plant responses upon detecting pathogens. Canonical NLRs consist of a conserved tripartite architecture includes central regulatory nucleotide‐binding domain, C‐terminal repeats, variable N‐terminal domains directly participate in execution. In flowering plants, the vast majority NLR belong to coiled‐coil, Resistance Powdery Mildew 8, or Toll/interleukin‐1 receptor subfamilies, with recent structural biochemical studies providing detailed mechanistic insights into their functions. this insight review, we focus on immune‐related biochemistries known discuss evolutionary diversity atypical nonflowering plants. We further contrast these observations against NLR‐related from microbes metazoans across tree life.

Language: Английский

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Eukaryotic CD-NTase, STING, and viperin proteins evolved via domain shuffling, horizontal transfer, and ancient inheritance from prokaryotes

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(12), P. e3002436 - e3002436

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

Animals use a variety of cell-autonomous innate immune proteins to detect viral infections and prevent replication. Recent studies have discovered that subset mammalian antiviral homology antiphage defense in bacteria, implying there are aspects immunity shared across the Tree Life. While majority these focused on characterizing diversity biochemical functions bacterial proteins, evolutionary relationships between animal less clear. This ambiguity is partly due long distances separating which obscures their relationships. Here, we tackle this problem for 3 families (CD-NTases [including cGAS], STINGs, viperins) by deeply sampling protein eukaryotes. We find viperins OAS family CD-NTases ancient likely inherited since earliest eukaryotes first arose. In contrast, other were acquired via at least 4 independent events horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from bacteria. Two allowed algae acquire new viperins, while 2 more HGT gave rise distinct superfamilies eukaryotic CD-NTases: cGLR superfamily (containing cGAS) has diversified series animal-specific duplications previously undefined eSMODS superfamily, closely resembles CD-NTases. Finally, found cGAS STING substantially different histories, with domains undergoing convergent domain shuffling bacteria Overall, our findings paint picture as highly dynamic, where build upon repertoires through reuse repeatedly rich reservoir genes.

Language: Английский

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The NRC0 gene cluster of sensor and helper NLR immune receptors is functionally conserved across asterid plants

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(9), P. 3344 - 3361

Published: June 4, 2024

Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor (NLR) proteins can form complex networks to confer innate immunity. An NLR-REQUIRED FOR CELL DEATH (NRC) is a phylogenetically related node that functions downstream of massively expanded network disease resistance protect against multiple plant pathogens. In this study, we used phylogenomic methods reconstruct the macroevolution NRC family. One NRCs, termed NRC0, only family member shared across asterid plants, leading us investigate its evolutionary history genetic organization. several species, NRC0 genetically clustered with other NLRs are NRC-dependent genes. This prompted hypothesize ancestral state an NLR helper-sensor gene cluster was present early during evolution. We provide support for hypothesis by demonstrating essential hypersensitive cell death induced linked sensor partners in 4 divergent species: tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), wild sweet potato (Ipomoea trifida), coffee (Coffea canephora), carrot (Daucus carota). addition, activation leads higher-order formation similar NRCs. Our findings map out contrasting dynamics over last 125 million years, from functionally conserved massive dispersed network.

Language: Английский

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